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Korea’s
1. Syngman Rhee, forced at the age of eighty-five to abdicate the presidency of the Republic of Korea, waves from the porch of his home in Seoul after riding through cheering, weeping crowds into retirement on April 28, 1960. (Pacific Stars and Stripes Photo)
Korea’s
An Unauthorized Portrait
by Richard C. Allen
CHARLES E. TUTTLE COMPANY: PUBLISHERS
Rutland, Vermont Tokyo, Japan
Published by the Charles E. Tuttle Company
of Rutland, Vermont &Tokyo, Japan
with editorial offices at
Osaki Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032
Copyright in Japan, 1960
by Charles E. Tuttle Company
All rights reserved
Library of Congress Catalog
Card No. 60-15606
ISBN 978-1-4629-1809-6 (ebook)
First edition, 1960
[email protected] www.tuttlepublishing.com
PRINTED IN JAPAN
Contents
2. The Twilight of Independence
17. The Captains and the Kings
List of Illustrations
1. (Frontispiece). Syngman Rhee waving from porch of his home, April 28, 1960: 4
2. Syngman Rhee at about the age of twenty: 19
3. Syngman Rhee with classmates and professors at Harvard, 1908: 29
4. Syngman Rhee with a group of students at Princeton, 1910: 47
5. Syngman Rhee with members of the Shanghai Provisional Government, 1922 : 57
6. Syngman Rhee and Mrs. Rhee with members of the Foreign Affairs Department, Korean Provisional Government, Washington, 1944: 67
7. Syngman Rhee with members of the Korean delegation to the United Nations Conference, San Francisco, 1945: 77
8. Syngman Rhee and General MacArthur at ceremonies for the proclamation of the new Republic of Korea, Seoul, 1948: 95
9. Memorial Statue of Syngman Rhee, dedicated in Seoul, 1956: 121
10. Syngman Rhee and Mrs. Rhee at celebration of Rhee’s eighty-fourth birthday, Seoul, 1959: 139
11. The Revolt of April 1960: Demonstrators confronting Rhee’s military forces: 165
12. The Revolt of April 1960: Students dive to ground as police open fire: 175
13. The Revolt of April l960: Families of riot victims: 193
14. The Revolt of April 1960: Opposition leader John M. Chang announces his resignation: 211
15. Rhee’s vice-presidential candidate, Lee Ki-bung, and family: 229
16. Syngman Rhee and Mrs. Rhee on arrival in Honolulu, May 29, 1960: 244
Foreword
OF ALL the peoples in the world, hardly any has found the road to freedom and human dignity more beset with perils than have the Koreans. For centuries they were victims of their own misrule; then, when the protective hand of China