Sharon Alane Abramowitz

Searching for Normal in the Wake of the Liberian War


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      Searching for Normal

      in the Wake of the Liberian War

      PENNSYLVANIA STUDIES IN HUMAN RIGHTS

      Bert B. Lockwood, Jr., Series Editor

       SEARCHING FOR NORMAL IN THE WAKE OF THE LIBERIAN WAR

      Sharon Alane Abramowitz

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      UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS

      PHILADELPHIA

      Copyright © 2014 University of Pennsylvania Press

      All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher.

      Published by

      University of Pennsylvania Press

      Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112

       www.upenn.edu/pennpress

      Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper

      10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

       Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Abramowitz, Sharon Alane.

      Searching for normal in the wake of the Liberian war / Sharon Alane Abramowitz. — 1st ed.

      p. cm. — (Pennsylvania studies in human rights)

      Includes bibliographical references and index.

      ISBN 978-0-8122-4626-1 (hardcover : alk. paper)

      1. Social psychology—Liberia. 2. Postwar reconstruction—Liberia. 3. Mental health—Liberia—International relations. 4. Psychic trauma—Liberia. 5. Women—Violence against—Liberia. 6. Liberia—Social conditions—1980– 7. Liberia—History—Civil War, 1989–1996—Psychological aspects. 8. Liberia—History—Civil War, 1999–2003—Psychological aspects. I. Title. II. Series: Pennsylvania studies in human rights.

      HM1027.L7A27 2014

      306.09666209′04—dc23

      2014004863

       For Judy and Jacob Abramowitz,Gertrude and Jerome Eisenbruck,and Myron Wolk

      Contents

       List of Abbreviations

       1. Searching for Normal in the Wake of the Liberian War

       2. Clusters, Coordination, and Health Sector Transitions

       3. Trauma and the New Normal

       4. Individual Interventions

       5. The GBV Proxy

       6. Ex-Combatant Rehabilitation

       7. Redemption Time

       8. The Healers

       Notes

       Bibliography

       Index

       Acknowledgments

      Abbreviations

AFELL Association of Female Lawyers of Liberia
AFL Armed Forces of Liberia
CVT Center for Victims of Torture
DDRR Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation, Reintegration
DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
ECOMOG Economic Community Monitoring Group
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
GBV gender-based violence
IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee
ICD International Classification of Disorders
ICG International Crisis Group
ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross
IDP internally displaced person
IRC International Rescue Committee
JIU Joint Implementation Unit
LCIP Liberia Community Infrastructure Program
LNP Liberia National Police
LURD Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy
LWF/WS Lutheran World Federation/World Service
MDM Médecins du Monde
MHPCC [Liberian] Mental Health and Psychosocial Coordination Committee
MHPSS Mental Health and Psychosocial Support
MOHSW [Liberian] Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
MSF Médecins Sans Frontières
NASW National Association of Social Workers of Liberia
NCDDRR National Commission on DDRR
NEPI National Ex-Combatant Peacebuilding Initiative
NPFL National Patriotic Front of Liberia
NTGL National Transitional Government of Liberia
PSA psychosocial agent
PTSD posttraumatic stress disorder