Fidel Castro

Fidel & Religion


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      Copyright © 2006 Ocean Press

      Copyright © 2006 Frei Betto

      Translated by Mary Todd

      All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.

      ISBN: 978-0-9872283-8-3 (e-book)

      Library of Congress Catalog Card No: 2006923943

      Second edition 2006

      Reprinted 2014, 2015

       PUBLISHED BY OCEAN PRESS

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      CONTENTS

       Baptism as Fidel

       Early years in Santiago de Cuba

       Education in Catholic schools

       Religious instruction

       First ethical values

       Introduction to Marxist ideas

       2

       The attack on Moncada

       Capture

       Imprisonment and the war

       Father Guillermo Sardiñas

       The Catholic church and the revolution

       Initial tensions with the Catholic church

       Christians and the Communist Party

       3

       Talks with US Catholic bishops

       Accord between religious doctrine and revolution

       Current role of the church and its believers

       The Catholic church and revolutionary movements in Latin America

       Liberation theology

       Reflections on the Catholic church and social justice

       4

       Pope John Paul II and Cuba

       Jesus Christ, the revolutionary

       Christians and communists

       Communism and religion

       Love as a revolutionary requirement

       Class struggle and hatred

       Democracy in Cuba and bourgeois democracy

       “Exporting the revolution”

       Latin America’s foreign debt crisis

       Relations with Brazil

       Che and Camilo

       FIDEL CASTRO

      Fidel Castro Ruz was born in Birán, in the former province of Oriente, on August 13, 1926. Born into a well-off, landowning family, he attended elite Catholic private schools in Santiago de Cuba and Havana, and graduated from law school at the University of Havana in 1950.

      While at university, he joined a student group against political corruption. He was a member of the Cuban People’s Party (also known as the Orthodox Party) and in 1947 became a leader of its left wing. That same year, he volunteered for an armed expedition against the Trujillo dictatorship in the Dominican Republic, though the expeditionaries were unable to leave Cuba to carry out their plans. As a student leader, Fidel Castro travelled to Venezuela, Panama, and Colombia to help organize a Latin American anti-imperialist student congress to coincide with the founding conference of the US-sponsored Organization of American States (OAS). While in Colombia, he participated in the April 1948 popular uprising in Bogotá.

      After Fulgencio Batista’s March 10, 1952, coup d’état in Cuba, Fidel began to organize a revolutionary organization to initiate armed insurrection against the US-backed Batista dictatorship. He organized and led an unsuccessful assault on the Moncada army garrison in Santiago de Cuba on July 26, 1953, for which he and over two dozen others were captured, tried, found guilty, and imprisoned. More than 60 revolutionaries were murdered by Batista’s army during, and immediately after, the Moncada attack. In prison, Fidel edited his defense speech from the trial into the pamphlet History Will Absolve Me, which was distributed in tens of thousands of copies and became the program of the July 26 Movement. Originally sentenced to 15 years, he and his comrades were released from prison in May 1955, after 22 months, as a result of a public campaign for amnesty.

      On July 7, 1955, Fidel left for Mexico, where he began to organize a guerrilla expedition to launch armed insurrection in Cuba. On December 2, 1956, along with 81 other fighters, including his