An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Ronald Wardhaugh

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      Table of Contents

      1  Cover

      2  Series Page

      3  Title Page

      4  Copyright Page

      5  List of Figures

      6  List of Tables

      7  Acknowledgments

      8  About the Companion Website

      9  1 Introduction The Nature of Language Knowledge of Language Variation Language Users and Their Groups: Identities Language and Culture The Interdisciplinary Legacy of Sociolinguistics Overview of the Book Chapter Summary Further Reading References

      10  Part I: Languages, Communities, and Contexts 2 Languages, Dialects, and Varieties What is a Language? Language or Dialect? Standardization Regional Dialects Social Dialects Styles and Indexes: The Social Meanings of Linguistic Forms Chapter Summary Further Reading References 3 Defining Groups Speech Communities Communities of Practice Social Networks Social Identities Beliefs about Language and Social Groups Chapter Summary Further Reading References 4 Language in Context: Pragmatics Speech Acts Implicature Politeness Pronouns Naming and Titles Chapter Summary Further Reading References

      11  Part II: Theory and Methods 5 Language Variation and Change Variables and Correlations Data Collection and Analysis Doing Quantitative Research: What Do the Numbers Really Mean? Regional Variation Social Variation The First Wave of Variation Studies Language Variation and Change The Second Wave of Variation Studies The Third Wave of Variation Studies Chapter Summary Further Reading References 6 Ethnographic Approaches in Sociolinguistics Ethnography: Participant Observation The Ethnography of Communication Ethnomethodology Critical Ethnography (Socio)linguistic Ethnography Digital Ethnographies: Research in Online Communities Ethnography in Combination with Other Sociolinguistic Methods Chapter Summary Further Reading References 7 Discourse Analysis Conversation Analysis Interactional Sociolinguistics