Table of Contents 1
Cover
6
About the Book and Authors Biographies
8
Preface
11
List of Image Contributions
12
1 Semiconductor Lasers and VCSEL History
1.1 History and Basics of Semiconductor Lasers
1.2 Semiconductor Lasers and Manufacturing
1.3 VCSEL History and Development
1.4 Timeline and Milestones
1.5 State of VCSEL Development
References
13
2 VCSEL Fundamentals
2.1 Introduction to Lasers
2.2 Basic VCSEL Structure
2.3 Quantum Well Gain Region (Active Region)
2.4 Distributed Bragg Reflector Mirrors
2.5 Light Output Characteristic
2.6 Forward Voltage Characteristic
2.7 Optical Modes
2.8 Beam Divergence
2.9 Modulation Characteristics
2.10 Temperature Characteristics
2.11 Thermal Transient Behavior and Short‐Pulse Operation
2.12 Other VCSEL Structures
2.13 VCSEL Materials
2.14 Summary
References
14
3 VCSEL Industry
3.1 Industry Background
3.2 VCSEL Industry Landscape
3.3 VCSEL Commercial Products
3.4 Summary
References
Bibliography
15
4 Data Communications Applications
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Growing Data
4.3 Data Centers and High‐Performance Computing
4.4 Optical Interconnects
4.5 Data Encoding and Multiplexing
4.6 High‐Speed VCSELs
4.7 Optical Link Impairments
4.8 Energy Efficient VCSELs
4.9 Datacom Market
4.10 Summary
References
16
5 VCSELs for 3D Sensing and Computer Vision
5.1 Optical Sensors in Consumer Electronics
5.2 Why VCSELs for Smart Optical Sensors?
5.3 3D Sensing (Mobile) Products
5.4 Computer Vision and Virtual Reality
5.5 3D Sensing Mobile and Camera Industry Prospects (until 2025)
5.6 Summary
References
17
6 Automotive LiDARs
6.1 Introduction to LiDARs
6.2 Operating Principle of LiDARs
6.3 VCSELs in LiDAR Industry: Landscape and Direction
6.4 Key Aspects of LiDARs
6.5 Examples of VCSEL‐ and EEL‐Based LiDARs
6.6 Automotive Communication: IVE (Infotainment) and C‐V2X
6.7 Market Summary
