Michael Arnheim

Why Rome Fell


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       Decline and Fall, or Drift and Change?

       Dr. Michael Arnheim

      Barrister at Law

      Sometime Fellow of St John’s College

       Cambridge, UK

       FIRST EDITION

      © 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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      The right of Michael Arnheim to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

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       Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Names: Arnheim, M. T. W. (Michael T. W.), author.

      Title: Why Rome fell : decline and fall, or drift and change? / Michael Arnheim.

      Description: Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2021038734 (print) | LCCN 2021038735 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119691372 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119691396 (pdf) | ISBN 9781119691389 (epub) | ISBN 9781119691341 (obook)

      Subjects: LCSH: Rome--History. | Rome--Historiography. | Rome--Politics and government.

      Classification: LCC DG209 .A76 2022 (print) | LCC DG209 (ebook) | DDC 945.6/32--dc23/eng/20211015

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021038734 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021038735

      Cover image: Jugate busts of Constantine (laureate) and Sol Invictus (radiate) on seven-solidus gold coin minted in 313 CE (Public domain)

      Cover design by Wiley

      Set in 11.5/14pt STIXTwoText by Integra Software Services, Pondicherry, India

       To the Sacred Memory of My Beloved Parents

       Dr Wilhelm Arnheim (1901–75)

       A wise medical doctor and true polymath, with the driest sense of humor

       and

       Mrs. Vicky Arnheim (1905–90)

       A brilliant musician, gifted teacher,dedicated social organizer,

       Great cook, and loving mother

       and

       To the sacred memory of my beloved grandmother, “Oma”

       Mrs. Martha Arnheim (1875–1965)

       An eternally cheerful and optimistic, courageous spirit,

       who taught me German, and whose wonderful humorous tales

      1  Cover

      2  Title page

      3  Copyright

      4  Dedication

      5  About the Author

      6  Preface

      7  Introduction

      8  PART I: TRANSITION FROM THE ANCIENT TO THE MEDIEVAL WORLD AND BEYOND 1. Rome: From Monarchy to Monarchy 2. Diocletian: Hammer of the Aristocracy 3. Constantine the Reformer 4. The Christian Empire 5. Continuity and Change 6. Two Models of Government

      9  PART II: CONFLICTING THEORIES Prologue