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ABRAHAM LINCOLN History in an Hour
Kat Smutz Contents Introduction The Roots of Leadership The Rail Splitter and Honest Abe From Childhood to Manhood
A Politician is Born
Life, Love and Marriage
The Politics of Slavery
The Birth of a Political Party
Life in the White House
The Politics of War
A Presidential War
Re-election and Political Maneuvring
The War is Won
A New Beginning and a Tragic End
Assassins and Conspirators
The Failure of Reconstruction
The Lincoln Legacy
Appendix 1: Key Players
Appendix 2: Gettsyburg Address (The Hay Copy)
Appendix 3: Timeline
Copyright
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About the Publisher
Ask any American schoolchild who the greatest president of the United States was, and he or she will probably say ‘Abraham Lincoln’. Teachers love to use Lincoln as an example of how the circumstances of birth do not necessarily predetermine what an individual can achieve. From a childhood of poverty, hardship and loss in the American wilderness, Lincoln achieved the highest political office in the country, a position comparable to that of a king or queen in Europe. His popularity can be attributed to what he accomplished while in office. His emancipation of African Americans held in slavery has made him the legendary hero who freed the slaves. But Abraham Lincoln was so much more. Not all of Lincoln’s contemporaries saw him as the hero Americans look up to today. Public opinion of the man during his lifetime ranged from hero worship to declaring him to be evil incarnate. Any given individual’s opinion of the sixteenth president was often influenced by region, race, economics and social class as much as by politics. To slaveholders, he was a threat to their very way of life. They were well aware of Lincoln’s position on the issue of slavery and feared that if slavery ended, the agrarian economy in the South would collapse. To the African-American slaves who looked to Lincoln for their salvation he was Father Abraham, sent by God himself to free them from their oppressors. As a young man, Lincoln earned a reputation for honesty, justice and intellect that endures to this day. He was a master storyteller, a master litigator and a great orator whose words are still quoted. In the political arena, his supporters saw his potential. In spite of being a self-taught, successful attorney, his detractors in both the North and the South saw him as a low-class, uneducated, uncouth barbarian from the wilderness. Some were certain that he would cause the fledgling nation, less than one hundred years old, to tear itself apart. Others were just as sure that he was the only hope of preserving it. Lincoln left behind a legacy of political ‘firsts’. He initiated the first military draft and the first United States income tax, and was the first to allow African Americans to join the military. Lincoln has been given credit for establishing photojournalism by permitting photography of battlefields and military installations. He was also the first American president to be assassinated. From his first attempt to run for public office, Lincoln’s political career is well documented. What we know of his life before politics comes primarily from those who knew him. Lincoln seldom spoke of his life as a young boy growing up in the wilderness of Kentucky and Indiana, losing his mother at a young age and his first business ventures. Even less is commonly known of his private life as a husband and father. Those close to Lincoln often commented that he seldom spoke of his life before he became president. Family, friends, colleagues and even enemies have left behind their own accounts of Lincoln, told from their own viewpoints. Those accounts, along with Lincoln’s own papers, have been studied and written about by Lincoln scholars, and provide the bulk of the details about one of history’s most recognized icons. Among them, some of the answers can be found regarding the conditions that moulded Abraham Lincoln into one of the greatest leaders in the history of the United States, if not the world. This, in an hour, is the life of Abraham Lincoln. Drawing of log cabin where Abraham Lincoln was born. The actual cabin still stands inside a memorial at Lincoln Birthplace National Historic Park near Hodgenville, Kentucky. For generations, the life of Abraham Lincoln has been passed along to American schoolchildren as a motivational story of how hard work, honesty and perseverance can lead to great things. The traditional Lincoln legend goes something like this. Lincoln grew up in a log cabin in Kentucky. His family was poor and he educated himself by walking miles to the homes of neighbours to borrow books. As an adult, he fostered a reputation for honesty and fairness which continued to follow him throughout his life. It was his natural likeability and talent for oration that led him into politics. This was the beginning of the road that would lead Lincoln to the White House (known as the Executive Mansion). It is the ‘rags to riches’ story of an uneducated young man from a poor family who, with no prospects, rises to hold the highest office in the land. So, how did Abraham Lincoln become an icon after beginning life in a log cabin on what was then America’s frontier? While Lincoln’s roots ran deep to a wealthy family in Virginia, his own family was far from affluent. Lincoln was the namesake of his grandfather, Abraham Lincoln, who had come to the wilderness that was then Kentucky. There, a man with little or nothing could carve out his own life for himself and his family. The first Abe Lincoln in Kentucky was able to purchase a large tract of wilderness acreage. Unfortunately, he would not live to make his family rich. While clearing land with his three sons in 1784, he was killed by Indians. As one brother, Josiah, ran for help, the eldest, Mordecai, ran to the family homestead where he grabbed a rifle. He held off the Indians until help arrived. At some point during the skirmish, the youngest son, Thomas, was almost attacked. He was saved when Mordecai shot dead the Indian who was about to kill his brother. This little brother, Thomas, would be the father of Abraham Lincoln. The death of the senior Abraham Lincoln was the event that sent the Lincolns even deeper into debt. Abraham’s wife, Mary Lincoln, was now a widow with five children
