Paul Preston

The Last Days of the Spanish Republic


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      William Collins

      An imprint of HarperCollins Publishers

      1 London Bridge Street

      London SE1 9GF

       www.WilliamCollinsBooks.com

      First published in Great Britain by William Collins in 2016

      Copyright © Paul Preston 2016

      Paul Preston asserts his moral right to

      be identified as the author of this work

      A catalogue record for this book is

      available from the British Library

      Cover image © Photo12/L’Illustration

      All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins.

      Source ISBN: 9780008163419

      Ebook Edition © February 2016 ISBN: 9780008163426

      Version: 2017-03-03

      For Lala Isla

      CONTENTS

       Cover

       Title Page

       Copyright

       Dedication

       Acknowledgements

       1 An Avoidable Tragedy

       2 Resist to Survive

       3 The Power of Exhaustion

       4 The Quest for an Honourable Peace

       5 Casado Sows the Wind

       6 Negrín Abandoned

       7 In the Kingdom of the Blind

       8 On the Eve of Catastrophe

       9 The Desertion of the Fleet

       10 The Coup – the Stab in the Back

       11 Casado’s Civil War

       12 Casado Reaps the Whirlwind

       Epilogue: Repent at Leisure?

       Picture Section

       Abbreviations

       Notes

       Illustration Credits

       Bibliography

       Index

       By the Same Author

       About the Author

       About the Publisher

      In the course of preparing this book, I have had the good fortune to rely on the advice on various issues of the following friends and colleagues. Michael Alpert, Javier Cervera, Robert Coale, Alfonso Domingo, Luis Español Bouché, Xulio García Bilbao, Carmen Gonzalez Martinez, Fernando Hernández Sánchez, Eladi Mainar Cabanas, Ricardo Miralles, Enrique Moradiellos, Óscar Rodríguez Barreiro, Cristina Rodríguez Gutiérrez, Sandra Souto and Julián Vadillo.

      I am extremely grateful to the following friends for their help in the location of archival material. Laura Díaz Herrera for her invaluable help in Madrid and Ávila; Ángeles Egido León, José Manuel Vidal Zapater and Luis Vidal Zapater for permitting access to the unpublished memoirs of José Manuel Vidal Zapater; María Jesús González Hernández for help with the Causa General. Aurelio Martín Nájera as so often in the past was immensely generous in helping me with documents held in the Archivo Histórico of the Fundación Pablo Iglesias. Sir George Young and Lady Young kindly granted permission for the use of the papers of Sir George Young. My greatest debt is to Carmen Negrín and Sergio Millares Cantero for their unstinting assistance with both the papers and the photographs held in the Fundación Juan Negrín of Las Palmas.

      I also want to put on record my thanks to Jesús Navarro, Juan Carlos Escandell and José Ramón Valero Escandell for an unforgettable day spent exploring ‘Posición Yuste’ (El Poblet), the houses at ‘Posición Dakar’ and the airfield (now a vineyard) of El Fondò in Monòver. Professor Valero Escandell also generously provided maps and photographs of the area of the Val de Vinalopó.

      The gestation of this book, as with others in the past, was made especially rewarding thanks to my good fortune in being able to discuss many points of fact and of interpretation with my friends Helen Graham, Linda Palfreeman and Ángel Viñas.

       An