Stephen F. Williams

The Reformer


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Vasily Maklakov in St . . .

       Vasily Maklakov in St. Petersburg. © State Historical Museum, Moscow.

      © 2017 by Stephen F. Williams

      All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Encounter Books, 900 Broadway, Suite 601, New York, New York 10003.

      First American edition published in 2017 by Encounter Books, an activity of Encounter for Culture and Education, Inc., a nonprofit, tax-exempt corporation.

      Encounter Books website address: www.encounterbooks.com

      The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48–1992 (R 1997) (Permanence of Paper).

      FIRST AMERICAN EDITION

      LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA

      Names: Williams, Stephen F., author.

      Title: The reformer: how one liberal fought to preempt the Russian Revolution / by Stephen F. Williams.

      Other titles: How one liberal fought to preempt the Russian Revolution

      Description: New York: Encounter Books, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2017006458 (print) | LCCN 2017035181 (ebook) | ISBN 9781594039546 (Ebook)

      Subjects: LCSH: Maklakov, V. A. (Vasilii Alekseevich), 1870–1957. | Politicians—Russia—Biography. | Reformers—Russia—Biography. | Liberalism—Russia—History—20th century. | Russia—Politics and government—1894–1917.

      Classification: LCC DK254.M23 (ebook) | LCC DK254.M23 W55 2017 (print) | DDC 947.08/3092 [B]—dc23

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017006458

      PRODUCED BY WILSTED & TAYLOR PUBLISHING SERVICES

      Design and composition: Nancy Koerner

       Page 479 is an extension of this copyright page.

       Dick Williams

       and

       Jack Powelson

       Who kept asking useful questions*

      * They also proposed quite a few answers

       Contents

       CHAPTER 6 The First Duma

       Take-Off and Crash Landing

       CHAPTER 7 The Second Duma

       Challenging Stolypin, Engaging Stolypin

       III. Reform in the Third and Fourth Dumas

       CHAPTER 8 The Third and Fourth Dumas and Maklakov’s Fight against Government Arbitrariness

       CHAPTER 9 Religious Liberty

       CHAPTER 10 National Minorities

       CHAPTER 11 Judicial Reform, Citizen Remedies

       CHAPTER 12 Peasant Rights

       CHAPTER 13 Reforms and Reform

       An Appraisal

       IV. The Slide toward Revolution

       CHAPTER 14 National Liberals

       CHAPTER 15 War—and the Mad Chauffeur

       CHAPTER 16 The Killing of Rasputin

       CHAPTER 17 February 1917

       CHAPTER 18 In the Maelstrom

       The Liberals in Office

       V. Postlude

       CHAPTER 19 Exile

       CHAPTER 20 Coda

       The Rule of Law as the Thin End of the Wedge

       Chronology

       Abbreviations

       Notes