Leilah Danielson

American Gandhi


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      American Gandhi

      POLITICS AND CULTURE IN MODERN AMERICA

       Series Editors:

      Margot Canaday, Glenda Gilmore, Michael Kazin, Stephen Pitti, and Thomas J. Sugrue

      Volumes in the series narrate and analyze political and social change in the broadest dimensions from 1865 to the present, including ideas about the ways people have sought and wielded power in the public sphere and the language and institutions of politics at all levels—local, national, and transnational. The series is motivated by a desire to reverse the fragmentation of modern U.S. history and to encourage synthetic perspectives on social movements and the state, on gender, race, and labor, and on intellectual history and popular culture.

      AMERICAN GANDHI

      A. J. Muste and the History of Radicalism in the Twentieth Century

      Leilah Danielson

       PENN

      UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS

      HILADELPHIA

      Copyright © 2014 University of Pennsylvania Press

      All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher.

      Published by

      University of Pennsylvania Press

      Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112

       www.upenn.edu/pennpress

      Printed in the United States of America

      on acid-free paper

      1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Danielson, Leilah.

      American Gandhi : A. J. Muste and the history of radicalism in the twentieth century / Leilah Danielson.—1st ed.

      p. cm.— (Politics and culture in modern America)

      Includes bibliographical references and index.

      ISBN 978-0-8122-4639-1 (hardcover : alk. paper)

      1. Pacifists—United States—Biography. 2. Quakers—United States—Biography. 3. Radicalism—United States—History—20th century. 4. Muste, A. J. (Abraham John), 1885–1967. I. Title. II. Series: Politics and culture in modern America.

      JZ5540.2.M8D36 2014

      320.53092—dc23

[B]2014007120

       For Eric and our children, Adin and Mira

      CONTENTS

       List of Abbreviations

       Introduction

       Chapter 1. Calvinism, Class, and the Making of a Modern Radical

       Chapter 2. Spirituality and Modernity

       Chapter 3. Pragmatism and ‘‘Transcendent Vision’’

       Chapter 4. Muste, Workers’ Education, and Labor’s Culture War in the 1920s

       Chapter 5. Labor Action

       Chapter 6. Americanizing Marx and Lenin

       Chapter 7. To the Left

       Chapter 8. Muste and the Origins of Nonviolence in the United States

       Chapter 9. Conscience Against the Wartime State and the Bomb

       Chapter 10. Speaking Truth to Power

       Chapter 11. Muste and the Search for a ‘‘Third Way’’

       Chapter 12. The ‘‘American Gandhi’’ and Vietnam

       Epilogue

       Notes

       Index

       Acknowledgments

      ABBREVIATIONS

ACLU American Civil Liberties Union
ACW Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America
AFFFHW American Federation of Full-Fashioned Hosiery Workers
AFL American Federation of Labor
AFSC American Friends Service Committee
AFT American Federation of Teachers
ATWA Amalgamated Textile Workers of America
AWP American Workers Party
CALCAV Clergy and Laymen Concerned About Vietnam
CIO Congress of Industrial Organizations
CLA Communist League of America
CNVA Committee for Nonviolent Action
COFO Council of Federated Organizations
CORE Congress of Racial Equality
CP Communist Party
CPLA Conference for Progressive Labor Action
CPM Church Peace Mission
CPS Civilian Public Service
CRC