Table of Contents 1
Cover
3
Preface
WHY IS THIS BOOK NEEDED?
WHO IS THIS BOOK FOR?
LEVEL AND PRE‐REQUISITE
AIMS AND SCOPE
CONTENTS
ONLINE
TEACHING TOOLS
6
PART 1: SETTING THE STATISTICAL SCENE
CHAPTER 1: The Scientific Method
1.1 KNOWING THINGS
1.2 LOGIC
1.3 EXPERIMENTATION AND RESEARCH DESIGN
1.4 THE BASICS OF RESEARCH DESIGN
1.5 NEXT STEPS
1.6 RESEARCH DESIGN
1.7 DATA, RESULTS, AND PRESENTATION
1.8 READING
1.9 EXERCISES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 2: Populations and Samples
2.1 DEFINING POPULATIONS AND SAMPLES
2.2 MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
2.3 WEIGHTING AND WEIGHTED AVERAGES
2.4 MEASURES OF VARIATION: RANGE, QUANTILES, AND THE STANDARD DEVIATION
2.5 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SAMPLES AND POPULATIONS
2.6 BE PATIENT AND DON’T GIVE UP
2.7 GLOSSARY
2.8 EXERCISES
CHAPTER 3: Principles of Measurement
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 TYPES OF RESEARCH
3.3 TYPES OF MEASUREMENT
3.4 MEASUREMENT SCALES
3.5 RELIABILITY, VALIDITY, AND ERROR
3.6 BIAS AND GENERALIZABILITY
3.7 RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
3.8 CONCLUSION
3.9 EXERCISES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 4: Probability and Types of Distribution
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 TYPES OF PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
4.3 SAMPLING ERROR
4.4 TRANSFORMATIONS
4.5 EXERCISES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 5: Confidence Intervals and Significance Testing
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 CONFIDENCE INTERVALS AND CONFIDENCE LIMITS
5.3 LEVELS OF SIGNIFICANCE
5.4 A TEST STATISTIC
5.5 EXERCISES
REFERENCE
7
PART 2: STATISTICAL TESTS
CHAPTER 6: Two Sample Comparisons for Normal Distributions: The t‐test
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 PAIRED t‐TEST
6.3 UNPAIRED t‐TEST
6.4 EXERCISES
CHAPTER 7: Nonparametric Two‐Sample Tests
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 UNPAIRED NONNORMAL DATA: THE MANN–WHITNEY TEST
7.3 WILCOXON SIGNED‐RANK TEST
7.4 WILCOXON SIGN TEST
7.5 SPSS
7.6 EXERCISES
REFERENCE
CHAPTER 8: Contingency Tables, Chi‐Squared Test, and Fisher's Exact Test
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 THE FOUR‐FOLD OR 2 × 2 CONTINGENCY TABLE
8.3 p × q TABLES
