The American Indian as Participant in the Civil War. Annie Heloise Abel

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       Annie Heloise Abel

      The American Indian as Participant in the Civil War

      Published by Good Press, 2019

       [email protected]

      EAN 4057664630254

Table of Contents

       ILLUSTRATIONS

       I. THE BATTLE OF PEA RIDGE, OR ELKHORN, AND ITS MORE IMMEDIATE EFFECTS

       II. LANE'S BRIGADE AND THE INCEPTION OF THE INDIAN

       III. THE INDIAN REFUGEES IN SOUTHERN KANSAS

       IV. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE FIRST INDIAN EXPEDITION

       V. THE MARCH TO TAHLEQUAH AND THE RETROGRADE MOVEMENT OF THE "WHITE AUXILIARY"

       VI. GENERAL PIKE IN CONTROVERSY WITH GENERAL HINDMAN

       VII. ORGANIZATION OF THE ARKANSAS AND RED RIVER SUPERINTENDENCY

       VIII. THE RETIREMENT OF GENERAL PIKE

       IX. THE REMOVAL OF THE REFUGEES TO THE SAC AND FOX AGENCY

       X. NEGOTIATIONS WITH UNION INDIANS

       XI. INDIAN TERRITORY IN 1863, JANUARY TO JUNE INCLUSIVE

       XII. INDIAN TERRITORY IN 1863, JULY TO DECEMBER INCLUSIVE

       XIII. ASPECTS, CHIEFLY MILITARY, 1864-1865

       APPENDIX

       SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

       INDEX

ILLUSTRATIONS

       Table of Contents

FACSIMILE OF NEGRO BILL OF SALE	4
SKETCH MAP SHOWING THE MAIN THEATRE OF BORDER WARFARE AND THE LOCATION OF TRIBES WITHIN THE INDIAN COUNTRY	39
PORTRAIT OF COLONEL W.A. PHILLIPS	93
FACSIMILE OF MONTHLY INSPECTION REPORT OF THE SECOND CREEK REGIMENT OF MOUNTED VOLUNTEERS	245
FACSIMILE OF MONTHLY INSPECTION REPORT OF THE FIRST CREEK REGIMENT OF MOUNTED VOLUNTEERS	315

I. THE BATTLE OF PEA RIDGE, OR ELKHORN, AND ITS MORE IMMEDIATE EFFECTS

       Table of Contents

      The Indian alliance, so assiduously sought by the Southern Confederacy and so laboriously built up, soon revealed itself to be most unstable. Direct and unmistakable signs of its instability appeared in connection with the first real military test to which it was subjected, the Battle of Pea Ridge or Elkhorn, as it is better known in the South, the battle that stands out in the history of the War of Secession as being the most decisive victory to date of the Union forces in the West and as marking the turning point in the political relationship of the State of Missouri with the Confederate government.

In the short time during which, following the removal of General Frémont, General David Hunter was in full command of the Department of the West—and it was practically not more than one week—he completely reversed the policy of vigorous offensive that had obtained under men, subordinate to his predecessor.¹ In southwest Missouri, he abandoned the advanced position of the Federals and fell back upon Sedalia and Rolla, railway termini. That he did this at the suggestion of President Lincoln² and with the tacit approval of General McClellan³ makes no

Footnote 1: (return)

      The Century Company's War Book, vol. i, 314–315.

Footnote 2: (return)

      Official Records, first ser., vol. iii, 553–554. Hereafter, except where otherwise designated, the first series will always be understood.

Footnote 3: (return)

      —Ibid., 568.

      

      difference now, as it made no difference then, in the consideration of the consequences; yet the consequences were, none the less, rather serious. They were such, in fact, as to increase very greatly the confusion on the border and to give the Confederates that chance of recovery which soon made it necessary for their foes to do the work of Nathaniel Lyon all over again.

It has been most truthfully said⁴ that never, throughout the period of the entire war, did the southern government fully realize the surpassingly great importance of its Trans-Mississippi District; notwithstanding that when that district was originally organized,⁵ in January, 1862, some faint idea of what it might, peradventure, accomplish did seem to penetrate,⁶ although ever so vaguely, the minds of those then in authority. It was organized under pressure from the West as was natural, and under circumstances to which meagre and tentative reference