Joel Levy

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       For Matt, Aisling and Sam

      Published in 2010 by New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd

      London • Cape Town • Sydney • Auckland

      www.newhollandpublishers.com

      Garfield House, 86–88 Edgware Road, London W2 2EA, United Kingdom

      80 McKenzie Street, Cape Town 8001, South Africa

      Unit 1, 66 Gibbes Street, Chatswood, NSW 2067, Australia

      218 Lake Road, Northcote, Auckland, New Zealand

      10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

      Copyright © 2010 in text: Joel Levy

      Copyright © 2010 in artworks: New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd

      Copyright © 2010 in photographs: see page 224 Copyright © 2010 New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd Joel Levy has asserted his moral right to be identified as the author of this work.

      All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers and copyright holders.

      A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

      Hardback ISBN 978 1 84773 514 0

      Paperback ISBN 978 1 84773 717 5

      eISBN 978 1 60765 247 2

      Senior Editor: Kate Parker

      Editorial Direction: Rosemary Wilkinson

      Publisher: Aruna Vasudevan

      Design and cover design: David Etherington

      Illustrator: Alan Marshall

      Production: Melanie Dowland

      Reproduction by Pica Digital PTE Ltd, Singapore

      Printed and bound by Tien Wah Press, Singapore

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      Fight the power. Italian fresco of the 13th century showing Galen and Hippocrates, the fathers of medicine. For over a millennium their authority on matters medical was unchallenged, but in the 16th and 17th centuries a few brave individuals triggered controversy – and bitter feuding – by daring to point out their mistakes.

       CONTENTS

       Introduction

       Part One: Earth Sciences

       Kelvin vs Lyell, Darwin, Huxley, et al.

       Wegener vs Jeffreys, et al.

       Williams vs Chouet

       Part Two: Evolution and Palaeobiology

       Huxley vs Wilberforce

       Cope vs Marsh

       Leakey vs Johanson

       Kettlewell vs Hooper and Wells

       Fiedel vs Dillehay

       Smit vs Keller

       Jacob vs Brown, Morwood, Roberts, et al.

       Part Three: Biology and Medicine

       Harvey vs Primrose and Riolan

       Pasteur vs Pouchet

       Faulds vs Galton and Herschel

       Freud vs Adler

       Freud vs Jung

       Sabin vs Salk

       Franklin vs Wilkins

       Montagnier vs Gallo

       Venter vs the Human Genome Project

       Part Four: Physics, Astronomy and Maths

       Tycho vs Ursus

       Galileo vs Pope Urban

       Newton vs Flamsteed

       Newton vs Leibniz

       Wallace vs Hampden

       Tesla vs Edison

       Hoyle vs Ryle

       Glossary

       References

       Index

       Acknowledgements

      FEATURES