Graves’ Orbitopathy
A Multidisciplinary Approach – Questions and Answers
3rd, revised and expanded edition
Graves’ Orbitopathy
A Multidisciplinary Approach – Questions and Answers
3rd, revised and expanded edition
Editors
Wilmar M. Wiersinga Amsterdam
George J. Kahaly Mainz
116 figures, 69 in color, and 52 tables, 2017
| _______________________Wilmar M. Wiersinga, MD, PhDDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 9NL–1105 AZ Amsterdam (The Netherlands) | _______________________George J. Kahaly, MD, PhDDepartment of Medicine IGutenberg University Medical CenterLangenbeckstrasse 1DE–55131 Mainz (Germany) |
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Wiersinga, Wilmar M., editor. | Kahaly, George, editor.
Title: Graves' orbitopathy : a multidisciplinary approach : questions and answers / editors, Wilmar M. Wiersinga, George J. Kahaly.
Description: 3rd, revised and expanded edition. | Basel ; New York : Karger, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017031321| ISBN 9783318060843 (softcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9783318060850 (electronic version)
Subjects: | MESH: Graves Ophthalmopathy--diagnosis | Graves Ophthalmopathy--pathology | Graves Ophthalmopathy--therapy | Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures | Diagnosis, Differential | Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures
Classification: LCC RE715.T48 | NLM WK 265 | DDC 617.7--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017031321
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© Copyright 2017 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH–4009 Basel (Switzerland)
Printed on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706)
ISBN 978–3–318–06084–3
e-ISBN 978–3–318–06085–0
Contents
Preface to the Third, Revised and Expanded Edition
Wiersinga, W.M. (Amsterdam); Kahaly, G.J. (Mainz)
Preface to the Second, Revised Edition
Wiersinga, W.M. (Amsterdam); Kahaly, G.J. (Mainz)
Wiersinga, W.M. (Amsterdam); Kahaly, G.J. (Mainz)
Dickinson, A.J. (Newcastle upon Tyne); Hintschich, C. (Munich)
What Are the Common Signs and Symptoms of Early Graves’ Orbitopathy?
What Are Other Signs and Symptoms of Graves’ Orbitopathy?
What Signs Should Question the Diagnosis of Graves’ Orbitopathy?
Are There Racial Differences in How Graves’ Orbitopathy Manifests?
Is the Presentation of Graves’ Orbitopathy Different in Older Compared to Younger Patients?
Why Can the Clinical Presentation of Graves’ Orbitopathy Be So Variable?
Can You Give Me a Short Mechanistic Explanation for All These Clinical Manifestations?
What Do the Terms “Activity” and “Severity” Denote?
Why Is It Important to Distinguish Activity and Severity when Evaluating Patients?
What Signs and Symptoms Are Valuable for Assessing Activity?
How Reproducible Are These Assessments?
What Value Does the “Clinical Activity Score” Have?
Do Patients without Signs of Activity Ever Have Active Disease?
What Should I Do if I Am Not Sure whether the Disease Is Active?