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Leader Scott
The Cathedral Builders
The Story of a Great Masonic Guild
Published by Good Press, 2021
EAN 4057664608154
Table of Contents
CHAPTER I THE GUILD OF THE COMACINE MASTERS
CHAPTER II THE COMACINES UNDER THE LONGOBARDS
CHAPTER III CIVIL ARCHITECTURE UNDER THE LONGOBARDS
CHAPTER IV COMACINE ORNAMENTATION IN THE LOMBARD ERA
CHAPTER V COMACINES UNDER CHARLEMAGNE
CHAPTER VI IN THE TROUBLOUS TIMES
BOOK II FIRST FOREIGN EMIGRATIONS OF THE COMACINES
CHAPTER III THE ORIGIN OF SAXON ARCHITECTURE (A SUGGESTION) BY THE REV. W. MILES BARNES [101]
CHAPTER IV THE TOWERS AND CROSSES OF IRELAND
BOOK III ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTS
CHAPTER II THE MODENA-FERRARA LINK
CHAPTER IV ROMANESQUE AND GOTHIC ORNAMENTATION
CHAPTER V CIVIL ARCHITECTURE OF THE ROMANESQUE ERA
BOOK IV ITALIAN-GOTHIC, AND RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTS
CHAPTER I THE SECESSION OF THE PAINTERS
CHAPTER II THE SIENA AND ORVIETO LODGES
CHAPTER III THE FLORENTINE LODGE
CHAPTER I
THE GUILD OF THE COMACINE MASTERS
In looking back to the great church-building era, i.e. to the centuries between 1100 and 1500, do not the questions arise in one's mind, "How did all these great and noble buildings spring up simultaneously in all countries and all climates?" and "How comes it that in all cases they were similar to each other at similar times?"
In the twelfth century, when the Italian buildings, such as the churches at Verona, Bergamo, Como, etc., were built with round arches, the German Domkirchen at Bonn, Mayence, Treves, Lubeck, Freiburg, etc.; the French churches at Aix, Tournus, Caen, Dijon, etc.; and the English cathedrals at Canterbury, Bristol, Chichester, St. Bartholomew's in London—in fact, all those built at the same time—were not only round-arched, but had an almost identical style, and that style was Lombard.
In the thirteenth century, when pointed arches mingled with the round in Italy, the same mixture is found contemporaneously in all the other countries.
Again in the fourteenth century, when Cologne, Strasburg, and Magdeburg cathedrals were built in pure Gothic; then those of Westminster, York, Salisbury, etc., arose in England; the Domes of Milan, Assisi, and Florence in Italy; and the churches of Beauvais, Laon, and Rouen in France. These all came, almost simultaneously, like sister buildings with one impronto on them all.
Is it likely that many single architects in different countries would have had the same ideas at the same time? Could any single architect, indeed, have designed every detail of even one of those marvellous complex buildings? or have executed or modelled one-tenth of the wealth of sculpture lavished on one of those glorious cathedrals? I think not.
The existence of one of these churches argues a plurality of workers under one governing influence; the existence of them all argues a huge universal brotherhood of architects and sculptors with different branches in each country, and the same aims, technique, knowledge and principles permeating through all, while each conforms in detail to local influences and national taste.
If we once realize that such a Guild must have existed, and that under the united hands of the grand brotherhood, the great age of church-building was endowed with monuments which have been the glory of all ages, then much that has been obscure in Art History becomes clear; and what was before a marvel is now shown to be a natural result.
There is another point also to be considered. The great age of church-building flourished at a time when other arts and commerce were but just beginning. Whence, out of the dark ages, sprang the skill and knowledge to build such fine and sculpturesque edifices, when other trades were in their infancy, and civic and communal life scarcely organized?
It is indeed a subject of wonder how the artists of the early period of the rise of Art were trained. Here we find men almost in the dark ages, who were the most splendid architects, and at the same time sculptors, painters, and even poets. How, for instance, did Giotto, a boy taken from the sheep-folds, learn to be a painter, sculptor, and architect of such rank that the city of Florence chose him to be the builder of the Campanile? Did he learn it all from old Cimabue's frescoes, and half Byzantine tavole?