to them, «Look, he has brought a Jew to us to scold us. He came to me to lie down with me, but I screamed in a loud voice, (A woman is preparing a trick).
15 And when he heard that I raised a cry and cried out, he left his clothes with me, and ran, and ran out. (Insinuations).
16 And she kept his clothes with her until his master came to her house. (The woman is preparing a trick).
17 And she told him the same words, saying, The Hebrew servant whom you brought to us came to me to abuse me. (Insinuations).
18 But when I raised my voice and cried out, he left his clothes with me and ran out. (Insinuations).
19 When his master heard the words of his wife, which she said to him, saying: your servant did this to me, then he was inflamed with anger; (The insinuation ended with the victory of the deceiver).
20 Then his master took Joseph and put him in the prison where the king’s prisoners were imprisoned. And he was there in prison. (Joseph is in prison).
Chapter 41:14 And Pharaoh sent and called Joseph. And they hurriedly brought him out of prison. He cut his hair and changed his clothes and came to Pharaoh. (Joseph was summoned to Pharaoh). 42 And Pharaoh took off his ring from his hand, and put it on Joseph’s hand; he clothed him in fine linen, and put a golden chain around his neck.; (Joseph is the most important official of the state, visson is an expensive fabric).
43 He ordered them to take him to the second of their chariots and proclaim before him: Bow down! And he set him over all the land of Egypt. (Joseph is the most important official of the state).
Chapter 44:13 And they tore their clothes, and each one laid a burden on his donkey, and returned to the city. (Tearing clothes meant showing a high degree of despair).
Chapter 45:22 To each of them he gave a change of clothes, and to Benjamin he gave three hundred pieces of silver and five changes of clothes; (Pharaoh’s order).
Chapter 49:11 He binds his colt to the vine and his donkey’s son to the vine of the best grapes; he washes his clothes in wine and his robe in the blood of grapes; (Predictions are blessings).
Chapter 50:10 And they came to Goren-haathad by the Jordan, and there they wept with a great and very strong weeping; and [Joseph] wept for his father seven days. (In ancient times, it was necessary to show grief for the deceased. Mourning – according to the rule of talion, grief, mourning clothes, veil, female crying (mourners) – all these are ways to cause pity for the mourner, ways to cause sadness, grief, remorse. A person in grief beats his chest, tears his hair, refuses to eat, thereby trying to punish himself and avoid the upcoming eternal punishment or weaken the punishment he is waiting for for the death of a loved one).
Animal skins – initial clothing
The skins of various animals were the first forms of clothing of ancient man. The skins of various animals were cut up and served as a blanket for a person.
For example, bulls are very often found in legends and beliefs of different peoples. The «Word about Igor’s regiment» mentions «Busovo time», Bus in ancient Greek, bos in Latin – «bull, cow», aka Booz, Boos, God – king and commander of the tribal associations of Slavs (Ants), executed by the Goths in the IV century along with 70 other leaders of related tribes. In ancient Western Semitic languages, «aleph» meant «bull», and «bet» – «house» (in Hebrew, «aleph» and «bet», respectively), hence the name of the first Greek letters «alpha» and «beta» (in the Byzantine pronunciation «vita»), the Russian word «alphabet».
In ancient Egypt, there was, along with other animals, the cult of the bull, it was one of the most magnificent and solemn cults that an animal has ever been honored with, the Memphis bull Apis was considered a «servant of the god Ptah» and a symbol of fertility; he lived in a sacred stable right in the main temple, where he was cared for by special priests. After the death of the bull, it was embalmed and buried in compliance with a complex solemn ceremony and with a huge gathering of people. The priests then went to look for his receiver, and here they looked for some birthmarks – «divine» signs, only a black bull was recognized as a «newborn Apis», who had a white spot in the shape of a triangle on his forehead, a scarab—shaped growth under his tongue, a spot resembling an eagle on his spine, a two—color on his tail wool, etc.; these «divine» signs were allegedly about 30. When such a bull was finally found, which was undoubtedly not an easy task, he was solemnly escorted to a cleaned sacred stable, where he lived with a harem of specially selected cows until his death, the last bull lived to the moment when Egypt became a Christian country. The cult of the «golden calf» was borrowed by the Jews from the ancient Egyptians, who worshipped the bull Apis (hecatomb – in ancient Greece, the sacrifice of a hundred bulls to the gods).
The longest 2nd surah of the Quran is called «Cow».
The ancient Egyptian god Osiris was usually identified with the bull Apis from Memphis and with the bull Mnevis from Heliopolis. It is difficult to say whether these bulls, like red-haired oxen, were incarnations of Osiris as the spirit of bread, or whether they were originally independent deities who merged with Osiris later. These two bulls are distinguished from other sacred animals whose cult was local in nature by the fact that their cult was widespread everywhere. Whatever the original relation of Apis to Osiris, we have one fact regarding the former, which cannot be ignored in any way when discussing the custom of killing God. Although the ancient Egyptians worshipped this bull as a real god, with great solemnity and deep reverence, they did not allow Apis to live longer than the period prescribed by the ritual books. At the end of this period, the bull was drowned in a sacred spring. Apis, according to Plutarch, was allowed to live for twenty-five years. However, recent excavations of Apis graves show that this prescription was not always carried out punctually. From the inscriptions on the tombs it appears that during the reign of the twenty-second dynasty, two of the sacred bulls lived for more than twenty-six years.
The Hindus have a cult of the cow, the killing and eating of whose meat they revere for a crime as heinous as premeditated murder. Nevertheless, the brahmins transfer the sins of the people to one or more cows, which are then taken to the place indicated by the brahmin. Sacrificing a bull, the ancient Egyptians called on his head all the troubles that could fall on themselves and on their land, after which they sold the bull’s head to the Greeks or threw it into the river. The ancient Egyptians worshipped bulls in the historical era, it was their custom to kill bulls and eat their meat. A large number of facts lead us, however, to the conclusion that originally the Egyptians, along with cows, considered bulls sacred animals. They not only considered sacred and never sacrificed cows – they sacrificed only such bulls, on the body of which there were certain marks. Before sacrificing the bull, the priest carefully examined it: if the necessary markings were present, the priest branded the animal as a sign that it was suitable for sacrifice. The man who sacrificed an unbranded bull was himself to be put to death. The cult of the black bulls Apis and Mnevis (especially the first one) played an important role in Egyptian religion. The Egyptians carefully buried all bulls who died of natural causes on the outskirts of cities, after which they collected their bones from all parts of Egypt and buried them in one place. All the participants in the sacrifice of the bull at the great mysteries of Isis wept and beat their chests. So, we have the right to conclude that originally bulls, like cows, were revered by the Egyptians as sacred animals and that the slaughtered bull, on whose head all the people’s misfortunes were heaped, was once a divine redeemer.
Since the end of the XIII century BC, a new time has begun for Egypt. The Pharaohs, and above all the famous Ramses II, who ruled for 67 years, moved their residence to Lower Egypt in order to facilitate their protection from the invasions that threatened the country primarily from the Hittites, then from the «sea peoples» and the Philistines. They sought to organize the defense of Egypt not at the very remote Thebes, but at the Nile Delta, directly at the gates of Egypt. The god Amon with a ram’s head (with twisted horns) is also gradually