Secrets & Mysteries of the Sephardim. Roman Ilyasov

patent, or charter issued by a pope of the Catholic Church. It is named after the leaden seal (bulla) traditionally appended to the end to authenticate it.

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Tomás de Torquemada (Oct. 14,1420 – Sept. 16, 1498), also anglicized as Thomas of Torquemada, was a Castilian Dominican friar and first Grand Inquisitor of the Tribunal of the Holy Office (otherwise known as the Spanish Inquisition). The Spanish Inquisition was a group of ecclesiastical prelates created in 1478 and charged with the somewhat ill-defined task of “upholding Catholic religious orthodoxy” within the lands of the newly formed union of the crowns of Castile and Aragon. The lands of this newly formed royal union are now known as the Kingdom of Spain.

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Infante D. Pedro, Duke of Coimbra (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpedɾu]; English: Peter) (Dec. 9, 1392 – May 20, 1449) was a Portuguese infante (prince) of the House of Aviz, son of King John I of Portugal and his wife, Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt. In Portugal, he is better known as Infante D. Pedro das Sete Partidas [do Mundo], “of the Seven Parts [of the World]” because of his travels. Possibly the best-traveled prince of his time, he was regent between 1439 and 1448. He was also 1st Lord of Montemor-o-Velho, Aveiro, Tentúgal, Cernache, Pereira, Condeixa and Lousã.

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Coimbra is a city and a municipality in Portugal. Coimbra District in the Centro Region, Portugal. It was the capital city of the country during the 12th century.

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Isabella of Urgell, Duchess of Coimbra (Spanish: Isabel) (March 12, 1409 – Sept. 17, 1459) was a Catalan noblewoman of the Urgell branch of the House of Barcelona. She was the wife of Infante Peter, Duke of Coimbra.

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Infante, (masculine), feminine infanta, the title borne from the 13th century by the children of the Spanish and Portuguese monarchs. The title infante was borne by the sons of the sovereign, and the title infanta was given to the daughters and to the wife of an infante.

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Afonso V (Jan. 15, 1432 – 28 Aug. 28, 1481), known by the nickname the African (Portuguese: o Africano), was King of Portugal from 1438 until he died in 1481, with a brief interruption in 1477. His nickname refers to his military conquests in Northern Africa.

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João the Great (Portuguese: João) (April 11, 1357 – 14 Aug. 14, 1433), also called John I or John of Aviz, was King of Portugal from 1385 until he died in 1433. He is recognized chiefly for his role in Portugal's victory in a succession war with Castile, preserving his country's independence and establishing the Aviz (or Joanine) dynasty on the Portuguese throne. His long reign of 48 years, the most extensive of all Portuguese monarchs, saw the beginning of Portugal's overseas expansion. John's well-remembered reign in his country earned him the epithet of Fond Memory (de Boa Memória); he was also referred to as “the Good" (o Bom), sometimes "the Great" (o Grande), and, more rarely, especially in Spain, as "the Bastard" (Bastardo).

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Edward (Portuguese: Duarte) (Oct. 31 1391 – Sept. 9 1438), also called Edward the Philosopher King (Duarte o Rei-Filósofo) or the Eloquent (o Eloquente), was the King of Portugal from 1433 until his death. He was born in Viseu, the son of John I of Portugal and his wife, Philippa of Lancaster. Edward was the oldest member of the "Illustrious Generation" of accomplished royal children who contributed to the development of Portuguese civilization during the 15th century. As a cousin of several English kings, he became a Knight of the Garter.

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Eleanor of Aragon (May 2, 1402 – Feb. 19, 1445) was Queen of Portugal as the spouse of Edward I of Portugal and the regent of Portugal as the guardian of her son. She was the daughter of Ferdinand I of Aragon and Eleanor of Alburquerque.

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A regent (from Latin regens ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state pro tempore (Latin: “for the time being”) because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated, or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy, or the throne is vacant, and the new monarch has not yet been determined.

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Infante Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu and Beja (or Fernando, Portuguese pronunciation: [fɨɾˈnɐ̃du], Nov. 17, 1433 – 18 Sept. 18 1470) was the third son of Edward, King of Portugal and his wife, Eleanor of Aragon.

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Pedro of Coimbra (also known as Peter the Constable) (Portuguese: Pedro, pronounced [ˈpedɾu]; c. 1429 – Granollers, June 30, 1466), sometimes