Лев Толстой

Воспитание в свободе. Избранные педагогические статьи


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трудности. По методу Ушинского, дети выделяли звуки из простейших слов – ау, уа, оса, учились писать буквы, обозначающие их, и читали написанное. Умело сочетая анализ и синтез, Ушинский сделал процесс обучения грамоте осознанным.

      Л.Н.Толстой, выпустив в 1985 г. «Новую азбуку», назвал свой способ обучения «слуховым», т.к. в указаниях для учителей вводил слуховые упражнения в разложении слов и слогов на звуки и соединении их в слоги и слова. С первых уроков грамоты ученики записывали печатным шрифтом буквы и слова, а затем переходили к чтению по азбуке.

      «Новая азбука» является азбукой переходного типа от буквослагательного и слогового метода к звуковому с элементами анализа и синтеза. В дальнейшем буквари составлялись по звуковому аналитико-синтетическому методу, предложенному Ушинским. (Из Педагогической энциклопедии) – Ред.

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