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TEXT ONLY EBOOK EDITION For Scarlett and Tallulah, the light at the end of my every tunnel Contents FOREWORD: BY MICHAEL PORTILLO INTRODUCTION: BY CHARLIE BUNCE JOURNEY 1: COTTONOPOLIS AND THE RAILWAYS - From Liverpool to Scarborough JOURNEY 2: THE HOLIDAY LINE - From Swindon to Penzance JOURNEY 3: BRINGING BEER DOWN SOUTH - From Buxton to London JOURNEY 4: OPENING UP VICTORIAN BRITAIN - From Preston to Edinburgh JOURNEY 5: THE MAIL TRAIN - From Ledbury to Holyhead JOURNEY 6: THE TAMING OF THE HIGHLANDS - From Ayr to Skye JOURNEY 7: RAILWAYS MADE FOR TRADE - From Newcastle to Melton Mowbray JOURNEY 8: COAST TO COAST - From Brighton to Cromer JOURNEY 9: BORDER LINES - From London to Hastings INDEX ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS About the Authors Copyright FOREWORD By Michael Portillo Like most people, I thought travel an adventure when I was a child, and most of those adventures were by train. There were still some steam trains around for me. There was a tank engine-hauled service from Belmont to Harrow and Wealdstone, close to where I grew up. My eldest brother, Charles, would take me on the ‘Belmont Rattler’, and I remember the panting engine, the smoke and my excitement. For summer holidays we would go to the Isle of Wight by electric train from Waterloo, but from Ryde we would pick up the steam service along the island’s east coast. The tunnel beneath the Boniface Downs would fill with the pungent stench of steam locomotive just before we pulled into Ventnor. Then there was the annual excursion to my mother’s hometown of Kirkcaldy. My parents were not well off, so we took the overnight train without sleeper reservations, travelling second class, sitting upright, sustained by Lucozade and peanut butter sandwiches. On at least one occasion it took 13 hours, and the service was known, to our sardonic amusement even then, as the Starlight Special. After childhood, trains became mere tools for me. As a politician I visited most places to campaign, cut a ribbon or make a speech. The train got me there, or got me there late. The glamour was gone, and I was all too ready to criticise the lateness, the absence of the refreshment trolley or the failure of the air conditioning. Now I find myself drawn to the railways once again. Making the two series of Great British Railway Journeys has meant spending almost 100 days travelling the length and breadth of the country and has brought back for me the idea of railway journey as adventure. Catching the train has been a key part of the experience, not merely a chore. I was always travelling to see. I journeyed with curiosity and optimism, and I was rarely disappointed. My guide was a Victorian called George Bradshaw. In 1839 he started producing railway timetables and then a handbook to journeying through Britain by train. Even though I have travelled most of the routes before, this book shone an endlessly fascinating light on everywhere I visited. I have studied the Victorian period at school and university, but no document that I have read before is quite as revealing of the Victorian outlook as this travel guide. Bradshaw’s generation was highly excited by its central role in a world that was moving forward at an exhilarating pace. His wonder and pride spill from every page. Enthusiastic, patriotic, opinionated, he writes in an era unrestrained by egalitarianism, let alone political correctness. His age values reason, experimentation and excellence. It is serious and largely unsentimental. For Bradshaw there was no shame in imperialism, no consideration of taste to restrain his bombast. Manchester manufacturers, he records with pride, could import the cotton crop from India, spin it and export textiles that would then undercut local production in India. London, he says, is the greatest city that exists, or has ever existed. He is right that London stood at the heart of an empire that exceeded that of the Pharaohs or Caesars, and considering Britain’s mastery of technology there was no serious competition to be found anywhere in the world’s history. Bradshaw’s first enthusiasm was for canals, a prodigious achievement in themselves with a great impact on business. But the railways were faster and more versatile. Above all they were for the masses. Without large numbers of passengers they were uneconomic. They altered the geography of Britain by making places accessible, and they transformed the social landscape because people of modest means could travel. The speed of the change is difficult even for us to grasp, because although the mobile phone and computer have led to a revolution over the last 20 years, modern-day Britain doesn’t undergo physical change as fast as Victorian Britain did. The world’s first intercity line opened between Liverpool and Manchester in 1830. Twenty years later over 6,000 miles of track had been laid, reaching all but the remotest parts of the country. Railways sprang up everywhere. Some important lines were built in their entirety in just two years. Although steam engines were used in construction, most of the work was done by hand. Thousands of navvies occupied camps along the route, and dug the cuttings and raised up the stones for the viaducts. We would have to visit modern Shanghai, perhaps, to gain any understanding of the speed of change and the scale of the undertaking. The handbook’s itineraries follow the tracks. Towns are listed not alphabetically but in their order along the main lines and branch lines. I have been asked a lot whether I didn’t find that many of Bradshaw’s routes have gone. Some have, of course. But I think I was more struck but the degree of continuity between then and now. Britain today, despite its post-war motorways, depends upon an infrastructure laid down by the Victorians. They built to last, and often grandly. As the refurbishment of St Pancras has shown, the best thing to be done with a Victorian building is simply to undo the damage of decades caused by smoke and rain and, particularly, cheapskate makeovers. Stand on Waterloo Bridge with Bradshaw’s book and you may find that the finest buildings today are still the ones that he picked out: Saint Paul’s cathedral, Somerset House and Parliament. That gives a clue as to why travelling with Bradshaw is still useful today. Not to despise the work of later generations, but to appreciate the magnificent and formative legacy of that era. It led me to explore places that are no longer in fashion, like Scarborough and Weston-super-Mare, and to hunt for trades that were big in his day, like Walsall saddlers, Bristol glass blowers and Denton hatters. I never intended my journeys to be purely nostalgic, and they have not been. British cities are rejuvenating themselves and British resorts cling on or fight back. There is vibrancy and enthusiasm wherever I have been. The Britain of today would be ethnically, culturally and socially unrecognisable to George Bradshaw. I hope that in my journeys I portray Britain as it is. Michael Portillo 2010 INTRODUCTION By Charlie Bunce There are some ideas for television programmes that, when you hear about them, you just know in your bones are destined for success. That was certainly the case when I was asked to produce a new series being developed for the BBC which
