Understanding Racism. Hephzibah Strmic-Pawl

Amico (2016:53).

      19. McIntosh (1988:3).

      20. Ibid. (3).

      21. Rothenberg (2000:198).

      22. Ibid.

      23. Wise (2011).

      24. Amico (2016).

      25. McIntosh (1988:3–4).

      26. Amico (2016:38–39).

      27. Ibid.

      28. Ibid. (69).

      29. Ibid. (86).

      30. Wise (2011:86).

      * A “good job” is defined by one that pays family-sustaining earnings.

      31. Rothenberg (2000:2).

      32. Wise (2011:viii, emphasis in original).

      33. McIntosh (1988:3).

      34. Amico (2016:30).

      35. Wise (2011:62–63).

      36. Rothenberg (2000).

      37. strmic-pawl (2015).

      38. Amico (2016:22).

      39. Rothenberg (2000:172).

      40. Wise (2011:179).

      41. Amico (2016:2).

      42. McIntosh (1988:2).

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      Racism and creation of White race gives rise to white privilege, WP, which can be associated with whiteness. Individual recognition of WP is as follows: 1. White acceptance of WP; (a) Active resistance to racism, (b) White guilt, (c) Passive benefiting of racism; 2. White non-acceptance of WP: (a) Active and passive benefiting of racism, (b) Active and passive support of racism. The facets of WP are as follows: Opportunities; Lack of authority enforcement; White ethnocentric curriculum; Racial segregation; and Laws and policies.