THE GENERAL THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
OTHER PROTECTIVE SOCIAL AND LABOR LEGISLATION
THE PUBLIC NATURE OF RAILROADS
PUBLIC POLICY AS TO CONTROL OF INDUSTRY
PART I
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The Value of Material Things 1−169 DIVISION A—WANTS AND PRESENT GOODS CHAPTER 1 The Nature and Purpose of Political Economy: Name and Definition; Place of Economics Among the Social Sciences; The Relation of Economics to Practical Affairs 3 2 Economic Motives: Material Wants, The Primary Economic Motives; Desires for Non-material Ends, as Secondary Economic Motives 9 3 Wealth and Welfare: The Relation of Men and Material Things to Economic Welfare; Some Important Economic Concepts Connected with Wealth and Welfare 15 4 The Nature of Demand: The Comparison of Goods in Man's Thought; Demand for Goods Grows Out of Subjective Comparisons 21 5 Exchange in a Market: Exchange of Goods Resulting from Demand; Barter Under Simple Conditions; Price in a Market 30 6 Psychic Income: Income as a Flow of Goods; Income as a Series of Gratifications 39 DIVISION B—WEALTH AND RENT 7 Wealth and Its Direct Uses: The Grades of Relation of Indirect Goods to Gratification; Conditions of Economic Wealth 46 8 The Renting Contract: Nature and Definition of Rent; The History of Contract Rent and Changes in It 53 9 The Law of Diminishing Returns: Definition of the Concept of (Economic) Diminishing Returns; Other Meanings of the Phrase "Diminishing Returns"; Development of the Concept of Diminishing Returns 61 10 The Theory of Rent: The Market Value of the Usufruct: Differential Advantages in Consumption Goods; Differential Advantages in Indirect Goods 73 11 Repair, Depreciation, and Destruction of Wealth: Relation to its Sale and Rent: Repair of Rent-bearing Agents; Depreciation in Rent-earning Power of Agents Kept in Repair; Destruction of Natural Stores of Material 81 12 Increase of Rent-bearers and of Rents: Efforts of Men to Increase Products and Rent-bearers; Effects of Social Changes in Raising the Rents of Indirect Agents 90 DIVISION C—CAPITALIZATION AND TIME-VALUE 13 Money as a Tool in Exchange: Origin of the Use of Money; Nature of the Use of Money; The Value of Typical Money 98 14 The Money Economy and the Concept of Capital: The Barter Economy and its Decline; The Concept of Capital in Modern Business 108 15 The Capitalization of All Forms of Rent: The Purchase of Rent-charges as an Example of Capitalization; Capitalization Involved in the Evaluating of Indirect Agents; The Increasing Role of Capitalization in Modern Industry 118 16 Interest on Money Loans: Various Forms of Contract Interest; The Motive for Paying Interest 131 17 The Theory of Time-value: Definition and Scope of Time-value; The Adjustment of the Rate of Time-discount 141 18 Relatively Fixed and Relatively Increasable Forms of Capital: How Various Forms of Capital May Be Increased; Social Significance of These Differences 152 19 Saving and Production as Affected by the Rate of Interest: Saving as Affected by the Interest Rate; Conditions Favorable to Saving; Influence of the Interest Rate on Methods of Production 159 PART II The Value of Human Services 171−355 DIVISION A—LABOR AND WAGES 20 Labor and Classes of Laborers: Relation of Labor to Wealth; Varieties of Talents and of Abilities in Men 173 21 The Supply of Labor: What Is a Doctrine of Population? Population in Human Society; Current Aspect of the Population Problem 184 22 Conditions for Efficient Labor: Objective Physical Conditions; Social Conditions Favoring Efficiency; Division of Labor 195 23 The Law of Wages: Nature of Wages and the Wages Problem; The Different Modes of Earning Wages; Wages as Exemplifying the General Law of Value 205 24 The Relation of Labor to Value: Relation of Rent to Wages, Relation of Time-value to Wages; The Relation of Labor to Value 215 25 The Wage System and its Results: Systems of Labor; The Wage System as it Is; Progress of the Masses Under the Wage System 226 26 Machinery and Labor: Extent of the Use of Machinery; Effect of Machinery on the Welfare and Wages of the Masses 236 27 Trade-unions: The Objects of Trade-unions; The Methods of Trade-unions; Combination and Wages 245 DIVISION B—ENTERPRISE AND PROFITS 28 Production and