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Enabling Healthcare 4.0 for Pandemics


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University, Alexandria, Egypt

       2Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virtual University Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan

       3Department Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine

       Abstract

      COVID-19 has generated needs for health tools, medications, and applications in information technology. Industry 4.0 is about techniques like artificial intelligence (AI) or robots as tools that are designed to carry improvement in responding to the changing world. According to scientific data, industry 4.0 offers novel insights and solutions to national and international health agencies. Healthcare system 4.0 (HCS 4.0), a part of the fourth industrial transformation, could meet demands in the disaster of COVID-19. There are valuable HCS 4.0 techniques that could assist in controlling and managing the pandemic via detecting and diagnosing COVID-19 and other associated issues. For instance, HCS 4.0 could meet the demands for face masks, gloves, and gather information for health sectors to adequately address the infected cases with COVID-19. It is also important to deliver daily updates about infected cases, including demographics via surveillance systems. Applying such techniques adequately could improve public health communication and education. Ultimately, the techniques for HCS 4.0 could offer many novel interventions for addressing local and universal catastrophes in health. This chapter explores the leading HCS 4.0 techniques that could address this pandemic, highlighting real-world applications, opportunities, challenges, and future insights.

      Keywords: Healthcare System 4.0, information technology, COVID-19, coronavirus, public health

      Coronavirus pandemic, so-called COVID-19, has significantly affected almost the entire universe, particularly the healthcare systems, hence the need for innovative techniques to address the growing burden related to such a viral pandemic. The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) includes novel information and production technologies, to timely fulfill human needs such as wireless connectivity in the production and service industries. Under the revolutionary Healthcare System 4.0 (HCS 4.0), all technologies get connected, and health stakeholders could interact together for producing and using medications, vaccines, medical equipment, logistics, surveillance, and implementing the required steps with the least real human engagement [1].

      In the era of advanced technology, computer learning, storing, managing and manipulating processes are possible to solve daily life challenges of the world population using the most powerful technology including artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), Internet of Things (IoT), big data analysis, data mining and other complex tasks and technologies in healthcare systems. The complex structure of the advanced technology based on sensors and wireless connectivity in the contexts of healthcare, known as HCS 4.0, is responsible for large pathways to make its own decisions, interpretation, or communication among physical, digital and large biological datasets. HCS 4.0 provides the opportunity for a resource chain of biological disposables and equipment with responsible phenomena to handle the pandemic situation of COVID-19 outbreak via smooth developed methods. This digital system is also important to handle COVID-19 crisis and deliver medical items on time for patients [2, 3].

      HCS 4.0, with the help of other advanced emerging techniques, provide the facility to determine COVID-19 outbreak’s mode of transmission and symptoms and handle any confusing outcomes regarding this disease, like potential health challenges or probabilities of recovery. AI, ML, and DL-based video reconnaissance have a great proficiency for healthcare professionals to reduce the overload of hospital teams and activities of patients during the COVID-19 crisis. HCS 4.0 is a highly dependent system in medical science to handle biological data or provide future insights to store, manipulate sensitive data that will be applicable for upcoming similar pandemics from doctors, staff, and other professionals. HCS 4.0 can manage all centralized medical tools and technologies, virtual hospital consultations including unique treatment processes that are rapidly involving COVID-19 or related diseases. This squared phenomenon offers a disruptive revolution to diminish the effect of COVID-19 outbreak-related viruses in public domains.

      This chapter discusses applying HCS 4.0 techniques in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. It starts by highlighting the key techniques, then reviews real world applications. It also describes opportunities, challenges and the future of HCS 4.0 in addressing similar pandemics.

      HCS 4.0 techniques could predict the risk and detect COVID-19 symptoms to confirm cases. It enables monitoring of likely health issues and recovery [5]. Telemedicine services could monitor health remotely, enabling adequate prevention and control of such a virus via detecting abnormalities in patients and rapidly communicating healthcare providers, especially in emergencies [8]. Sensors for physiological monitoring could offer useful data for both the patients and the healthcare providers. Through the lockdown out of the COVID-19 pandemic emergency, digital techniques enabled online and distant learning through sharing updated information, guidance, documentation, and open educational resources for teaching in remote areas [10].

      AI-based surveillance has the potential to minimize the burden over healthcare staff during this crisis where it could observe COVID-19 patients’ activities. HCS 4.0 techniques could offer better alternatives and enhance the performance of healthcare providers to learn more about COVID-19 [11]. There was a wide communication of false information about COVID-19 to the public via different media channels. HCS 4.0 technologies could help to detect such false information and provide accurate one [12, p. 19]. This work discusses the potentials of different HCS 4.0 techniques in managing the pandemic of COVID-19. This review would help the health stakeholders and investigators in fighting this pandemic, applying such technologies efficiently now and for the future. Here we deliberate the important tools of HCS 4.0, which may provide further help in COVID-19 epidemics.

      2.2.1 Artificial Intelligence (AI)