and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication data is applied for
9781119745853
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: © DaveLongMedia/iStock/Getty Images
List of Contributors
Bilal Haider Abbasi Department of Biotechnology Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
Heba Mahmoud Mohammad Abdel‐Aziz Botany Department Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
Nadeesh Adassooriya Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Peradeniya Peradeniya Sri Lanka
Sumaira Anjum Department to Biotechnology Kinnaird College for Women Lahore Pakistan
Tatiana Bauer Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Rostov‐on‐Don Russia
Adalberto Benavides‐Mendoza Department of Horticulture Autonomous Agricultural University Antonio Narro Saltillo Mexico
Rahul Bhagat Department of Biotechnology Government Institute of Science Aurangabad Maharashtra India
Hao Chen Department of Agriculture University of Arkansas Pine Bluff AR USA
Svetlana Deneva Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Nalchik Russia
Pavel Diviš Faculty of Chemistry Brno University of Technology Brno Czech Republic
Laura Olivia Fuentes‐Lara Department of Animal Nutrition Autonomous Agricultural University Antonio Narro Saltillo Mexico
Nobuhide Fujitake Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Kobe University Kobe Japan
Olga Gorobtsova Institute of Mountain Ecology of Russian Academy of Science Nalchik Russia
Yolanda González‐García Department of Horticulture Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro Saltillo Mexico
Magín González‐Moscoso PhD Program in Protected Agriculture Autonomous Agricultural University Antonio Narro Saltillo Mexico
Indarchand Gupta Department of Biotechnology Government Institute of Science Aurangabad Maharashtra India
Christophe Hano Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC) INRA USC1328 Université d’Orléans France
Mohammed Nagib Abdel‐ghany Hasaneen Botany Department Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
Hipólito Hernández‐Hernández Institute of Agro‐engineering Papaloapan University Oaxaca Mexico
Avinash P. Ingle Biotechnology Centre Department of Agricultural Botany Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Agricultural University Akola Maharashtra India
Antonio Juárez‐Maldonado Departament of Botany Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro Saltillo Mexico
Marek Kolenčík Nanotechnology Centre VŠB Technical University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic Department of Soil Science and Geology Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra Nitra Slovakia
Amna Komal Department to Biotechnology Kinnaird College for Women Lahore Pakistan
Pradeep Kumar Department of Forestry North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh India
A. Lakshmanan Department of Nano Science & Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India
Alonso Méndez‐López Departament of Botany Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro Saltillo Mexico
Tatiana M. Minkina Southern Federal University Rostov‐on‐Don Russia
Dámaris Leopoldina Ojeda‐Barrios Laboratory of Plant Physiology Autonomous University of Chihuahua Chihuahua Mexico
Harris Panakkal Department of Biotechnology Government Institute of Science Aurangabad Maharashtra India
C. Sharmila Rahale Department of Nano Science & Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India
Vishnu D. Rajput Southern Federal University Rostov‐on‐Don Russia
Illa Ramakanth Department of Chemistry Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies Nuzvid India
Ryan Rienzie Agribusiness Centre Faculty of Agriculture University of Peradeniya Peradeniya Sri Lanka
Martin Šebesta Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University in Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia
Martin Šeda Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Agriculture University of South BohemiaČeské Budějovice Czech Republic
Anna Sindireva University of Tyumen Tyumen Russia
Abhishek Singh Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology Meerut Uttar Pradesh India
Garima Shandilya Nanotechnology Unit Department of Mechanical Engineering Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University College of Engineering Pune Maharashtra India
Sudhir S. Shende Southern Federal University Rostov‐on‐Don Russia Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Amravati Maharashtra India
Tahsin Shoala Environmental Biotechnology Department College of Biotechnology Misr University for Science and Technology 6th of October City Egypt
K. S. Subramanian Department of Nano Science & Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India
Anita Tanwar Department of Chemistry GDC Memorial College Bahal Haryana India
Kirtan Tarwadi Nanotechnology Unit Department of Mechanical Engineering Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University College of Engineering Pune Maharashtra India
Anil Timilsina Department of Agriculture University of Arkansas Pine Bluff, AR USA
Martin Urík Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University in Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia
Krishan K. Verma Sugarcane Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanning Guangxi China
Ondřej Zvěřina Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
Preface
Agriculture is the backbone of several developing countries because their economy is directly relying on agriculture; moreover, developed countries are also depending on agriculture for their food. However, a continuous increase in the worldwide population