Electronics in Advanced Research Industries. Alessandro Massaro

Figure 2.14 HoQ diagram matching a laser scanner with AR technologies.Figure 2.15 AI switching production lines for canned food production. The pr...Figure 2.16 Symbols, truth tables, and events characterizing logic ports. A ...Figure 2.17 Equivalent circuits of (a) AND, (b) OR, (c) NOT, (d) NOR, (e) NA...Figure 2.18 (a) McCulloch–Pitts neuron model with binary input b_i, weights wFigure 2.19 Infrastructure of predictive maintenance applied to milk pasteur...Figure 2.20 (a) KNIME workflow implementing MLP neural network. (b) MLP neur...Figure 2.21 (a) KNIME network implementing an artificial neural network. (b)...Figure 2.22 Defect chart reading procedure. Unstable regions are provided by...Figure 2.23 Clusters and related centroids.Figure 2.24 Parameters for the estimation of the Euclidean distance.Figure 2.25 Architecture implementing Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 faciliti...Figure 2.26 Maintenance plan variation based on prediction results.Figure 2.27 Examples of typical alerting signals relating to the failure con...Figure 2.28 Workflow defining predictive maintenance for pieces in the railw...Figure 2.29 IQ trends: initial curve, real measured curve, and updated curve...Figure 2.30 System architecture: upgrade of a telecardiology network.Figure 2.31 System architecture of a teleoncology platform: functional schem...Figure 2.32 E‐health system architecture of a multipurpose health platform....Figure 2.33 Workflow of combined assistance services.

      3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Human–machine interface managing multiple mechatronic boards; mod...Figure 3.2 HMIs managing multiple mechatronic boards.Figure 3.3 M2M concept in Industry 5.0.Figure 3.4 Advanced PLC integrated system: feedback system by ANN.Figure 3.5 Standalone decision maker based on an ANN programming PLC system....Figure 3.6 Client–server connection scheme via OPC‐UA protocol (HW, hardware...Figure 3.7 Architecture of a SCADA upgraded system.Figure 3.8 CIM pyramid upgraded by AI.Figure 3.9 Scheme of the connection between the PLC and temperature transduc...Figure 3.10 (a) EtherCAT protocol specifications (HDR, header). (b) Sercos I...Figure 3.11 Industrial oven temperature control system and automated thermal...Figure 3.12 SCADA central system interconnected with OPC, RTU, PLC, and SCAD...Figure 3.13 Modeling of McCulloch–Pitts neurons.Figure 3.14 Modeling of McCulloch–Pitts neuron by bias signal.Figure 3.15 (a) Single‐layer perceptron network. (b) Multilayered perceptron...Figure 3.16 (a) NOT logic and its implementation (b) AND port and its implem...Figure 3.17 (a) NAND Logic and its implementation. (b) XOR logic and its imp...Figure 3.18 Threshold condition of the AND port (a), OR port (b), NAND port ...Figure 3.19 General decision boundaries due to a data input classification....Figure 3.20 Data input mapping and correct production or production failure ...Figure 3.21 KNIME workflow implementing MLP model predicting correct product...Figure 3.22 MLP network adopted for the temperature classification (the numb...Figure 3.23 Generic class defined by two input neurons and one bias input.Figure 3.24 Multidimension error surface.Figure 3.25 (a) Production line composed of two main stages monitored by sen...Figure 3.26 Parallel to serial register.Figure 3.27 Digital I/O PLC values using synchronized shift registers storin...Figure 3.28 (a) Scheme of flash converter. (b) Example of a 3‐bit quantized ...Figure 3.29 GUI implementing delay modules for data migration from SQL to No...Figure 3.30 Network integrating NoSQL and AI technologies.Figure 3.31 Data flow inherent data recovery from an ambient temperature sen...Figure 3.32 Advanced architecture linking the cloud environment with local c...Figure 3.33 (a) KNIME workflow implementing the Tree Ensemble algorithm clas...Figure 3.34 Priority levels of information.Figure 3.35 Access control interface model.Figure 3.36 IDS architecture based on a CNN classifier.Figure 3.37 DB access intrusion system based on attack signature (SDB, signa...Figure 3.38 DB security model based on an AI interface.Figure 3.39 Architecture of a DB security system constituted by an inference...Figure 3.40 Inference detection system coupled with the AI engine.Figure 3.41 (a) Cross platform architecture oriented on cybersecurity, virtu...Figure 3.42 Platform functions involved in Figure 3.41a.

      4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Architecture model of a company information system integrating Io...Figure 4.2 Domain expert and production manager roles and relationships in a...Figure 4.3 Relationship between production manager, message broker, IoT agen...Figure 4.4 Architecture of a IoT smart manufacturing framework integrating a...Figure 4.5 (a) Rotary encoder detection system. (b) Front view of a basic en...Figure 4.6 Basic principle of potentiometer and AI wiper control.Figure 4.7 (a) LVDT 3D configuration. (b) Structure and basic principle of t...Figure 4.8 Metallic strain gauge.Figure 4.9 Load cell with a Roberval mechanism.Figure 4.10 Wheatstone bridge for load cell.Figure 4.11 Basic scheme of a laser detector.Figure 4.12 Measured accelerations in the (x,y) plane of a vibrating product...Figure 4.13 Measured accelerations along the z‐axis of a vibrating pro...Figure 4.14 Konstanz Information Miner (KNIME) workflow predicting accelerat...Figure 4.15 Application of the acceleration signal processing for production...Figure 4.16 (a) Feedback control and AI corrective action. (b) Trajectory of...Figure 4.17 Basic feedback control system.Figure 4.18 Desirable gain characteristic (ω_gc, desirable gain crossove...Figure 4.19 Architecture of a multivisor AR architecture.Figure 4.20 Load balancing of the workload by parallel data flow involving t...Figure 4.21 Model representing quasi real‐time data processing involving sen...Figure 4.22 Automatism in sensor detection: (a) nanocomposite optical probe ...Figure 4.23 Quasi real‐time data processing of a sensing/actuation process m...Figure 4.24 Architecture of quasi real‐time data processing involving cloud ...Figure 4.25 UML sequence diagram describing the sensing and actuation proces...Figure 4.26 (a) Production line layout and drone monitoring in dangerous are...Figure 4.27 (a) CPU structure. (b) GPU structure and (c) related functions (...Figure 4.28 Execution time versus TPB for the exponentiation of a binary dat...Figure 4.29 Execution time versus the exponentiation n of a Float64 data mat...Figure 4.30 Execution time versus the binary matrix dimension.Figure 4.31 Comparison of GPU and CPU execution time versus the power of the...Figure 4.32 Comparison of GPU and CPU execution time versus the size of the ...Figure 4.33 Architecture integrating AI cloud server and IoT device: Industr...Figure 4.34 Architecture of an energy router system.Figure 4.35 (a) Linear prediction of energy consumption by linear regression...Figure 4.36 Thermogram of a bridge acquired by UAV. Inset: UAV adopted for t...Figure 4.37 Thermogram of Figure 4.36 setting over a threshold of 32 °C (DSS...Figure 4.38 Thermogram of a railway infrastructure.Figure 4.39 (a) Radargram of part of a bridge detected by a UAV equipped wit...Figure 4.40 Blockchain model and transactions integrating an AI controller....Figure 4.41 Blockchain architecture model.Figure 4.42 Blockchain implementation concerning a full production process d...Figure 4.43 Example of architecture implementing facilities improving dynami...Figure 4.44 Mechatronic interface board controlling three motor axes of a ro...Figure 4.45 Multiple mechatronic boards managing a production line layout ch...

      5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 (a) Robotic arm with joints connected relatively to each other. (...Figure 5.2 (a) Coordinate system determining the rotation matrix in the (x,yFigure 5.3 (a) 3D coordinate system describing 3D translation. (b) 3D coordi...Figure 5.4 Functional scheme of a robotic arm controlled by sensors, image v...Figure 5.5 Exoskeleton configurations in industry and applied forces: (a) ar...Figure 5.6 Exoskeleton communication model integrating AI (S, pressure and t...Figure 5.7 PLC scheme enabling AI instructions (HW, hardware).Figure 5.8 PLC basic program and related table description: AND logic implem...Figure 5.9 PLC basic program and related table description: OR logic impleme...Figure 5.10 PLC basic program and related table description: hybrid AND/OR l...Figure 5.11 PLC basic program and related table description: hybrid AND/OR l...Figure 5.12 Block diagram of an electrical actuator.Figure 5.13 (a) Polarization charge of a capacitor. (b) Implementation of th...Figure 5.14 Implementation of the electrostatic actuator.Figure 5.15 Electrostatic actuator in MEMS configuration.Figure 5.16 (a) Basic principle of piezoelectric actuation. (b) Strain cause...Figure 5.17 Schematic of a piezoelectric actuator for large strain effect.Figure 5.18 Multi‐layer plate piezoelectric actuator model.Figure 5.19 DC motor by magnetic field: (a) basic principle of electromagnet...Figure