Yield and Related Traits 6.7 Salt Stress and its Effect on Gene Expression 6.8 Conclusion References
12 7 Effect of Salt Stress on Soil Chemistry and Plant‐Atmosphere Continuum (SPAC) 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Effect of Salt Stress on Soil Component 7.3 Soil Chemistry Affecting Factors in Agricultural Land 7.4 Soil Salinity Effect on Crop Plants 7.5 An Introduction to Soil, Plant‐Atmosphere Continuum (SPAC) 7.6 Salt Absorption by Root Tissues and Their Effect on Plant‐Atmosphere Continuum 7.7 Translocation of Salt Ions in the Vascular System of Crop Plants 7.8 Current Status and Conclusion Acknowledgements References
13 8 Effects of Salt Stress on Nutrient Cycle and Uptakeof Crop Plants 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Limitation of Nutrient Cycle and Uptake of Nutrients 8.3 Nutrient Cycle or Biogeochemical Cycle 8.4 Effect of Salt Stress on Carbon Cycle 8.5 Effect of Salt Stress on Oxygen and Water Cycle 8.6 Effect of Salt Stress on Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria and Biogeochemical Cycle of Nitrogen 8.7 Effect of Salt Stress on Phosphorous Bacteria and Biogeochemical Cycle of Phosphorus 8.8 Effect of Salt Stress on Sulfur Bacteria and Biogeochemical Cycle of Sulfur 8.9 Future Prospective and Conclusion References
14 9 Salt‐Induced Effects on Crop Plants and Counteract Mitigating Strategy by Antioxidants System 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Formation of Salt‐Induced Indirect Products (Oxidative Biomarkers) in Crops 9.3 Effect of Salt Stress on Crop Plants 9.4 Consequences Effect of Oxidative Biomarkers in Crop Plants 9.5 Generation of Self‐defense Mitigating Strategy in Crop Plants 9.6 Conclusion and Future Prospective References
15 10 Effects of Salt Stress on Osmolyte Metabolism of Crop Plants and Mitigating Strategy by Osmolyte 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Groups and Biosynthetic Pathways of Osmolytes in Crop Plant 10.3 Effect of Salt Stress on Osmolyte Production and Work Action 10.4 The Osmotic and Ionic Adjustment Under Salt Stress Tolerance Mechanism 10.5 Conclusion References
16 11 Salt Stress Toxicity Amelioration by Phytohormones, Synthetic Product, and Nutrient Amendment Practices 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Structure and Mechanism of Action of Phytohormones Under Salt Stress 11.3 Structural, Physiological, and Biochemical Nature of Phytohormones Under Salt Stress 11.4 Salt Stress Toxicity Amelioration by Exogenous/Endogenous Phytohormones 11.5 Salt Toxicity Amelioration by Exogenous Synthetic Products 11.6 Salt Toxicity Amelioration by Exogenous Nutrient Amendment Practices 11.7 Future Prospective and Conclusion References
17 12 Crop Plants Develop Extracellular Signaling Products Against Salt Stress 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Site of Synthesis of Extracellular Signaling Products 12.3 Release of Extracellular Products by Cells of Cyanobacteria, Algae, and Crop Plants Under Salt Stress: Antioxidants, Enzymes, and Proteins 12.4 Release of Extracellular Products by Cells of Cyanobacteria Algae and Crop Plants Under Salt Stress: Amino Acids, Osmolytes, Nitrogen Nitric Oxide Ammonia 12.5 Release of Extracellular Products by Cells of Cyanobacteria and Crop Plants Under Salt Stress: Phenols, Terpenoid, Phytols, Sterols, Fatty Acids 12.6 Release of Extracellular Products by Cells of Cyanobacteria and Crop Plants Under Salt Stress: Photoprotective Compounds, Polysaccharides, Halogenated Compounds, and Phytohormone 12.7 Uncovering Potential and Applications of Extracellular Signaling Products in Biology, Agriculture, and Medicine Current Status and Future Prospects 12.8 Current Status and Future Prospective References
18 Index
19 End