Solomon, M.J., Brown, K.G., Koh, C.E. et al. (2015). Lateral pelvic compartment excision during pelvic exenteration. Br. J. Surg. 102: 1710–1717.
12 12 Austin, K.K. and Solomon, M.J. (2009). Pelvic exenteration with en bloc iliac vessel resection for lateral pelvic wall involvement. Dis. Colon Rectum 52: 1223–1233.
13 13 Hockel, M. (2015). Long‐term experience with (laterally) extended endopelvic resection (LEER) in relapsed pelvic malignancies. Curr. Oncol. Rep. 17: 435.
14 14 Hockel, M. (2008). Laterally extended endopelvic resection (LEER) – principles and practice. Gynecol. Oncol. 111: S13–S17.
15 15 Solomon, M.J., Austin, K.K., Masya, L., and Lee, P. (2015). Pubic bone excision and perineal urethrectomy for radical anterior compartment excision during pelvic exenteration. Dis. Colon Rectum 58: 1114–1119.
16 16 Mehta, A.M., Hellawell, G., Burling, D. et al. (2018). Transperineal retropubic approach in total pelvic exenteration for advanced and recurrent colorectal and anal cancer involving the penile base: technique and outcomes. Tech. Coloproctol. 22: 663–671.
17 17 Bhangu, A., Ali, S.M., Brown, G. et al. (2014). Indications and outcome of pelvic exenteration for locally advanced primary and recurrent rectal cancer. Ann. Surg. 259: 315–322.
18 18 Heriot, A.G., Byrne, C.M., Lee, P. et al. (2008). Extended radical resection: the choice for locally recurrent rectal cancer. Dis. Colon Rectum 51: 284–291.
19 19 Hansen, M.H., Balteskard, L., Dorum, L.M. et al. (2009). Locally recurrent rectal cancer in Norway. Br. J. Surg. 96: 1176–1182.
20 20 Nielsen, M.B., Rasmussen, P.C., Lindegaard, J.C., and Laurberg, S. (2012). A 10‐year experience of total pelvic exenteration for primary advanced and locally recurrent rectal cancer based on a prospective database. Color. Dis. 14: 1076–1083.
21 21 Bhangu, A., Ali, S.M., Darzi, A. et al. (2012). Meta‐analysis of survival based on resection margin status following surgery for recurrent rectal cancer. Color. Dis. 14: 1457–1466.
22 22 PelvEx Collaborative (2019). Surgical and survival outcomes following pelvic exenteration for locally advanced primary rectal cancer: results from an international collaboration. Ann. Surg. 269 (2): 315–321.
23 23 PelvEx Collaborative (2018). Factors affecting outcomes following pelvic exenteration for locally recurrent rectal cancer. Br. J. Surg. 105: 650–657.
24 24 Georgiou, P.A., Tekkis, P.P., and Brown, G. (2011). Pelvic colorectal recurrence: crucial role of radiologists in oncologic and surgical treatment options. Cancer Imaging 11: S103–S111.
25 25 Peschaud, F., Cuenod, C.A., Benoist, S. et al. (2005). Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in rectal cancer depends on location of the tumor. Dis. Colon Rectum 48: 1603–1609.
26 26 Kim, Y.W., Cha, S.W., Pyo, J. et al. (2009). Factors related to preoperative assessment of the circumferential resection margin and the extent of mesorectal invasion by magnetic resonance imaging in rectal cancer: a prospective comparison study. World J. Surg. 33: 1952–1960.
27 27 Granero‐Castro, P., Munoz, E., Frasson, M. et al. (2014). Evaluation of mesorectal fascia in mid and low anterior rectal cancer using endorectal ultrasound is feasible and reliable: a comparison with MRI findings. Dis. Colon Rectum 57: 709–714.
28 28 Phang, P.T., Gollub, M.J., Loh, B.D. et al. (2012). Accuracy of endorectal ultrasound for measurement of the closest predicted radial mesorectal margin for rectal cancer. Dis. Colon Rectum 55: 59–64.
29 29 Shur, J., Corr, A., Burling, D., and Jenkins, J.T. (2018). SS 2.9 Endorectal ultrasound is accurate for the assessment of anterior resection margin in low rectal cancer. Insights Imaging 9: S663.
30 30 Marusch, F., Ptok, H., Sahm, M. et al. (2011). Endorectal ultrasound in rectal carcinoma – do the literature results really correspond to the realities of routine clinical care? Endoscopy 43: 425–431.
31 31 Balyasnikova, S. and Brown, G. (2016). Optimal imaging strategies for rectal cancer staging and ongoing management. Curr. Treat. Options Oncol. 17: 32.
32 32 von Schulthess, G.K., Steinert, H.C., and Hany, T.F. (2006). Integrated PET/CT: current applications and future directions. Radiology 238: 405–422.
33 33 Suzuki, K., Dozois, R.R., Devine, R.M. et al. (1996). Curative reoperations for locally recurrent rectal cancer. Dis. Colon Rectum 39: 730–736.
34 34 Yamada, K., Ishizawa, T., Niwa, K. et al. (2001). Patterns of pelvic invasion are prognostic in the treatment of locally recurrent rectal cancer. Br. J. Surg. 88: 988–993.
35 35 Wanebo, H.J., Antoniuk, P., Koness, R.J. et al. (1999). Pelvic resection of recurrent rectal cancer: technical considerations and outcomes. Dis. Colon Rectum 42: 1438–1448.
36 36 Moore, H.G., Shoup, M., Riedel, E. et al. (2004). Colorectal cancer pelvic recurrences: determinants of resectability. Dis. Colon Rectum 47: 1599–1606.
37 37 Georgiou, P.A., Tekkis, P.P., Constantinides, V.A. et al. (2013). Diagnostic accuracy and value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in planning exenterative pelvic surgery for advanced colorectal cancer. Eur. J. Cancer 49: 72–81.
38 38 Kim, Y.H., Kim, D.Y., Kim, T.H. et al. (2005). Usefulness of magnetic resonance volumetric evaluation in predicting response to preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with resectable rectal cancer. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 62: 761–768.
39 39 Hartley, A., Ho, K.F., McConkey, C., and Geh, J.I. (2005). Pathological complete response following pre‐operative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer: analysis of phase II/III trials. Br. J. Radiol. 78: 934–938.
40 40 Rullier, E. and Sebag‐Montefiore, D. (2006). Sphincter saving is the primary objective for local treatment of cancer of the lower rectum. Lancet Oncol. 7: 775–777.
41 41 Ryan, J.E., Warrier, S.K., Lynch, A.C., and Heriot, A.G. (2015). Assessing pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review. Color. Dis. 17: 849–861.
42 42 Hoffmann, K.‐T., Rau, B., Wust, P. et al. (2002). Restaging of locally advanced carcinoma of the rectum with MR imaging after preoperative radio‐chemotherapy plus regional hyperthermia. Strahlenther. Onkol. 178: 386–392.
43 43 Beyond TME Collaborative (2013). Consensus statement on the multidisciplinary management of patients with recurrent and primary rectal cancer beyond total mesorectal excision planes. Br. J. Surg. 100: 1009–1014.
44 44 Barbaro, B., Vitale, R., Leccisotti, L. et al. (2010). Restaging locally advanced rectal cancer with MR imaging after chemoradiation therapy. Radiographics 30: 699–716.
45 45 Dresen, R.C., Beets, G.L., Rutten, H.J. et al. (2009). Locally advanced rectal cancer: MR imaging for restaging after neoadjuvant radiation therapy with concomitant chemotherapy. Part I. Are we able to predict tumor confined to the rectal wall? Radiology 252: 71–80.
46 46 Barbaro, B., Fiorucci, C., Tebala, C. et al. (2009). Locally advanced rectal cancer: MR imaging in prediction of response after preoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Radiology 250: 730–739.
47 47 Jhaveri, K.S. and Hosseini‐Nik, H. (2015). MRI of rectal cancer: an overview and update on recent advances. Am. J. Roentgenol. 205: W42–W55.
48 48 Patel, U.B., Blomqvist, L.K., Taylor, F. et al. (2012). MRI after treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer: how to report tumor response – the MERCURY experience. Am. J. Roentgenol. 199: W486–W495.
49 49 Vliegen, R.F., Beets, G.L., Lammering, G. et al. (2008). Mesorectal fascia invasion after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: accuracy of MR imaging for prediction. Radiology 246: 454–462.
50 50 Chen, C.C., Lee, R.C., Lin, J.K. et al. (2005). How accurate is magnetic resonance imaging in restaging rectal cancer in patients receiving preoperative combined chemoradiotherapy? Dis. Colon Rectum 48: 722–728.
51 51 Kuo, L.J., Chern, M.C., Tsou, M.H. et al. (2005). Interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging for locally