.

(including Apple itself) can see who you are or what sites you're visiting when Private Relay is turned on.

        Hide My Email: When you create an new account in an app or at a website that supports Sign In with Apple, you can choose to hide your real email address (such as [email protected]) and instead share a unique, random email address (that looks something like [email protected] or [email protected]). This item allows you toManage your Hide My Email settings.Manage all hidden email addresses you’ve created.Create a new private email address.

      You find out more about iCloud in the rest of this chapter and several other chapters, so let’s move on to syncing your iPhone by connecting it to your computer.

The Kitchen Sync

      First things first: You can sync your calendars, reminders, bookmarks, and other data and documents among your iDevices and computers via iCloud, Finder (Catalina and later), iTunes (Mojave and earlier and Windows), or a combination.

      But before we talk about syncing, there's one other reason why you may want to introduce your iPhone and computer: backups. Although you can back up your iPhone to iCloud if you like, you’ll have to connect your iPhone to your Mac or PC to create a local backup of your iPhone’s contents.

      

We believe strongly that a single backup is never enough. If you choose iCloud-only for your backups, you’re betting that you’ll have good internet access when you need to restore, and that your backup will work. Because neither of these things is guaranteed, the best practice is to maintain at least two different backups: one in iCloud and another stored locally on your Mac or PC.

      First things first: About iPhone backups

      Whether you know it or not, your iPhone backs up your phone's settings, app data, and other information whenever you connect it to a computer and use Finder or iTunes (Mojave or earlier and Windows) to

       Sync with your iPhone

       Update your iPhone

       Restore your iPhone

      Every time you sync your iPhone and computer, most (but not all) of your iPhone content — photos and videos you’ve taken with your iPhone (unless you’re using iCloud Photos), text messages, notes, contact favorites, sound settings, and more — is backed up to wherever you choose — your computer’s hard or solid-state drive or iCloud — before the sync begins.

      Note that most of your media, including apps, songs, TV shows, and movies, isn’t backed up in this process. This shouldn’t be a problem because these files can easily be restored by syncing with your computer or redownloading them from the App or iTunes Store.

      Backups are saved automatically and stored on your computer by default when you connect your iPhone to your computer with a Lightning-to-USB cable.

      Or if you don’t want to involve your computer, you can choose to back up to iCloud by clicking the appropriate button in Finder’s General pane or iTunes Summary pane, as you see in the next section.

      Backups are handy if anything goes wonky with your iPhone or you get a new one. A backup lets you restore most (if not all) of your settings and many files that aren’t synced with iCloud or iTunes on your computer. If you’ve ever backed up an iPad, iPod touch, or iPhone, you can restore the new iPhone with the older device’s backup; the new device will inherit the settings and media from the old one.

      

When you set up a new device running iOS 15, you may see the Automatic Setup option, which lets you transfer settings from another iDevice to the new one. The only restrictions are that both devices must be running iOS 11 or later and be within a couple of feet of each other during the setup process. Follow the on-screen instructions to transfer your settings (but not other content) to your new device.

      Even if you take advantage of Automatic Setup, it’s a good idea to set up your new iPhone to back up to either your computer or iCloud.

So, here’s how to enable backing up to iCloud from your iPhone, which we strongly suggest computer-free iPhone users do without further delay:

      1 Tap Settings.

      2 Tap your name at the top of the Settings screen.

      3 Tap iCloud.

      4 Tap iCloud Backup.

      5 Enable the iCloud Backup switch (so it shows green).We don’t recommend enabling the Back Up over Cellular switch unless you have an unlimited data plan.

      6 (Optional) To initiate a backup immediately, tap Back Up Now.

      

If you also intend to sync your iPhone with a computer, listen closely: Enabling iCloud Backup means your iPhone no longer backs up automatically when you connect it to your computer.

      If you’re a computer-free iPhone user, you don’t care because you never connect your iPhone to a computer. But if you are used to syncing your iPhone with your computer, as many folks are, give some thought to which option best suits your needs. Consider that restoring from a computer backup requires physical or Wi-Fi access to the computer but doesn’t require internet access. Restoring from iCloud can take much longer and requires internet access, but it can happen anywhere on Earth that has internet access.

      Backups are good; choose one or the other and move on. Or follow our best practices advice and back up to both places — iCloud and your computer — by alternating which backup option you choose on Finder’s General (or iTunes Summary) screen, which you’re about to meet.

      

Backups can consume a lot of disk space, especially if you have more than one iDevice. We recommend occasionally tapping Manage Storage near the top of the iCloud Settings screen on your iPhone, and clicking Manage Backups on the General or Summary tab in iTunes and Finder.

      It’s always a good idea to back up your iPhone, and an even better idea to back it up twice. Just in case.

      Sync prep 101

      For those who want to sync using a computer with a Lightning connector–to–USB cable or wirelessly over Wi-Fi, follow the instructions in the rest of this chapter.

      In other words, unless you don’t have a computer and never intend to connect your iPhone to one, you should follow these steps and you’ll be ready to sync whenever you like — by cable or wirelessly — in just a few minutes.

      1 Start by connecting your iPhone to your computer with the Lightning-to-USB cable included with your iPhone.When you connect your iPhone to your computer, your iPhone will appear in the Locations section of the sidebar in Finder windows, or launch iTunes (Mojave or earlier or Windows).If you don’t see your iPhone in the sidebar of Finder windows or iTunes, chances are you plugged the cable into a USB port on your keyboard, monitor, or hub. Try plugging it into one of the USB ports on your computer instead. Why? Because USB ports on your computer supply more power to a connected device than other USB ports or most hubs.If that doesn’t work, try the following, in order: Disconnect and reconnect the Lightning-to-USB cable, plug in a different Lightning-to-USB cable, restart your computer, and (Mojave or earlier or Windows) launch or quit and relaunch iTunes.

      2 If your