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THE WORLD ACCORDING TO CHINA
A Council on Foreign Relations Book
Elizabeth C. Economy
polity
Copyright © Elizabeth C. Economy 2022
The right of Elizabeth C. Economy to be identified as Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published in 2022 by Polity Press
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Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK
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All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.
ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-3751-8
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Economy, Elizabeth, 1962- author.
Title: The world according to China / Elizabeth C. Economy. Description: Medford : Polity Press, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “A penetrating analysis of China’s global ambitions from one of the world’s leading China experts”--Provided by publisher.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021013890 (print) | LCCN 2021013891 (ebook) | ISBN 9781509537495 (hardback) | ISBN 9781509537518 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: China--Foreign relations--21st century | China--Politics and government--2002- | China--Foreign economic relations--21st century. | China--Relations. | Geopolitics--China. | Xi, Jinping.
Classification: LCC DS779.47 .E27 2022 (print) | LCC DS779.47 (ebook) | DDC 327.51--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021013890 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021013891
The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate.
Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition.
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Abbreviations
ADBAsian Development BankAIartificial intelligenceAIIBAsian Infrastructure Investment BankASEANAssociation of Southeast Asian NationsBARFBelt and Road ForumBISSecurity Information Service (Czech Republic)BRIBelt and Road InitiativeCBAChinese Basketball AssociationCCPChinese Communist PartyCCTVChina Central TelevisionCDBChina Development BankCGTNChina Global Television NetworkCIsConfucius InstitutesCICIRChina Institutes of Contemporary International RelationsCMCCentral Military CommissionCOSCOChina Ocean Shipping CompanyCPECChina–Pakistan Economic CorridorCPTPPComprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific PartnershipDPPDemocratic Progressive PartyDRAMdynamic random-access memoryDSRDigital Silk RoadEDAelectronic design automationFAOFood and Agriculture OrganizationFDIforeign direct investmentFOIPFree and Open Indo-PacificGSMGlobal System for Mobile TelecommunicationsHKHRDAHong Kong Human Rights and Democracy ActHKSARHong Kong Special Administration RegionHSMCWuhan Hongxin Semiconductor ManufacturingHSRHealth Silk RoadICAOInternational Civil Aviation OrganizationICCPRInternational Covenant on Civil and Political RightsICTinformation and communications technologyIDAInstitute for Defense AnalysisIECInternational Electrotechnical CommissionIFCInternational Finance CorporationIMFInternational Monetary FundIPintellectual propertyIPOinitial public offeringISOInternational Standards OrganizationITUInternational Telecommunication UnionKMTKuomintangMICMade in ChinaNBANational Basketball AssociationNDRCNational Development and Reform CommissionNEDNational Endowment for DemocracyNÚKIBNational Cyber and Information Security Agency (Czech Republic)PKUPeking UniversityPLAPeople’s Liberation ArmyPPEpersonal protective equipmentPRCPeople’s Republic of ChinaR&Dresearch and developmentRCEPRegional Comprehensive Economic PartnershipSCOShanghai Cooperation OrganizationSDGsSustainable Development GoalsSIASemiconductor Industry AssociationSSFStrategic Support ForceSOEsstate-owned enterprisesTCMtraditional Chinese medicineTHAADTerminal High Altitude and Area DefenseTRATaiwan Relations ActUFWDUnited Front Work DepartmentUMCUnited Microelectronics CorporationUN DESAUnited Nations Department of Social and Economic AffairsUNCLOSUnited Nations Convention on the Law of the SeaUNHRCUnited Nations Human Rights CouncilUNIDOUnited Nations Industrial Development OrganizationWHAWorld Health AssemblyWHOWorld Health Organization
Acknowledgments
This book has benefited greatly from the support of both the Hoover Institution and the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), my two homes away from home. The dedication of these institutions to rigorous and informed policy debate created a vibrant intellectual