Rajasekar
C. Moganapriya
and
A. Mohankumar
This edition first published 2022 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA © 2022 Scrivener Publishing LLC
For more information about Scrivener publications please visit www.scrivenerpublishing.com.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
Wiley Global Headquarters 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials, or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN 978-1-119-75060-4
Cover image: Pixabay.Com Cover design by Russell Richardson
Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Manila Typesetting Company, Makati, Philippines
Printed in the USA
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Preface
In the current scenario, sustainable power generation is of crucial demand to meet our energy needs of day-to-day life. In order to overcome the energy demand, power generation through solar energy is booming. Many research works have been attempted to enhance the efficiency of collection and storage of solar energy and, as a result, numerous new materials have been developed for enhancing the performance of solar cells.
This book has compiled and broadly explored the latest developments of materials, methods and the applications of solar energy. The book is divided into 2 parts, in which first part deals with solar cell fundamentals and emerging categories and latter deals with materials, methods and application in order to fill the gap between existing technologies and practical requirements for industrial and academic researchers. The book presents detailed chapters including organic, inorganic, coating materials and collectors. It provides professionals and students with an invaluable resource on the basic principles and applications of solar energy materials and their processes.
We thank all the authors for their valuable research input and contribution. We render our sincere thanks to Scrivener–Wiley publishing team for their help with this book. We would like to thank Dr. P. Sathish Kumar for his help in proofreading the initial drafts of the chapters of the book.
R. Rajasekar C. Moganapriya A. Mohankumar September 2021
1
Introduction to Solar Energy Conversion
Manivannan Rajendran1*, Moganapriya Chinnasamy1, Suresh Muthusamy2 and Manikandan Kumaran Nair1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
2Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Due to inadequate fossil fuels in a world, there is high increasing demand for utilization of human beings and the sustainable renewable energy resources play an important role in developing and non-developing countries. However, among the numerous energy resources, solar energy is promising because of environmental eco-friendly and unlimited supply. There is immense experiment in the proper usage of solar energy as a fresh, non-polluted environment factors. The solar radiation energy mainly helps to convert in the form of electric energy and thermal energy. It is an alternative method to produce electricity in a wider range of industrial purposes as well as in some other fields such as building applications, food storage products, agricultural purposes to operate pumps, engines, motors, and various industrial appliances such as fans and refrigerators. This present study focused on the various forms of solar energy utilization and in depth of thermal applications, solar drying, and photovoltaic thermal systems related to domestic and such industrial usage.
Keywords: Collectors, heating systems, solar drying, photovoltaic, PV/T systems
1.1 Introduction
Energy usage plays a vital role in last few decades due to rapid changes in environmental conditions precisely global warming effects which lead to energy demand. Energy acts as an important role in identifying the economic development of developing nations. Eliminating those problems constantly imposes us toward alternative energy sources [1]. The World Health Organization published the statistics; there are major remarkable climatic changes in between 2030 and 2050 which cause deaths approximately 250,000 per year. Presently, 80% of conventional energy sources are reported as global energy consumption [2]. The renewable energy utilization estimated in the year 2020 is approximately 8.65%. In the year 2050, this source of energy may tend to increase around 9.82% in the energy demand. The global industrial energy consumption by fuel is shown in Table 1.1.
Renewable energy sources are free from carbon-di-oxide emission such as solar energy, tidal energy, biomass energy, and wind energy [3]. There is a higher growth in fuel prices and climatic constraints, and industrial sectors are inclined to the renewable energy sources instead of fossil fuel usages. Hence, new advanced technologies are introduced to replace conventional energy sources in industries and some other appliances also [4]. Among the various