Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. Chris Binns

Ocean bed hydrothermal vents are fissures on the sea floor from which geologically heated water erupts into the surrounding cold water. They are mineral‐rich and support various deep‐sea creatures.

      2 2 Supernovae are massive stellar explosion that occurs at the end of the life of massive stars. After the star exhausts its supply of hydrogen it collapses under gravity and, if it is above a critical mass (several times that of our sun), the resulting implosion at the core produces a thermonuclear explosion, which for a period of weeks can produce billions of times more power than a normal star.

      3 3 More precisely it is released when plankton of the animal kind (zooplankton) eat plankton of the plant kind (phytoplankton).