Александр Шепс

Играющее Средневековье


Скачать книгу

российской, английской и немецкой историографии Средневековье условно делится на три основных периода: раннее Средневековье (конец V – середина XI века), высокое, или классическое, Средневековье (середина XI – конец XIV века), позднее Средневековье (XIV–XVI века).

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