Александр Лурия

Язык и сознание


Скачать книгу

Y. Taylor A Primer of Psychobiology. Brain and Behavior. N. Y., 1974.

      4

      Библиография этих работ дана в книге Г. В. Хэвис (Hewes) «Происхождение языка», т. I–II. Мутон, 1975.

      5

      Под фонематической структурой языка мы вслед за современной лингвистикой (Трубецкой, 1936; Якобсон, 1971; и др.) понимаем систему организации звуковых кодов языка, в которой определенные признаки имеют смысловое различительное значение. Эта «фонематическая система» языка отличается от «фонетической» структуры языка, при анализе которой различаются лишь физические характеристики звуков речи безотносительно к их значению. Вопрос о фонетической организации звуковой речи выходит за пределы темы этих лекций, и мы не будем останавливаться на нем особо.

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAXoAAAGqCAMAAAAyQH+NAAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAYBQTFRFPT093NzczMzMysrKOTk50NDQzs7OKSkp9vb2xsbG+fn5+/v7xMTEJSUlwMDArKyspqamyMjIICAguLi4urq69PT0HR0dtLS0vb29wsLCo6OjqampqKiosLCwvr6+rq6uoqKisrKytra2oKCgmpqal5eXnZ2dlZWVnp6ekpKSlJSU8fHxGRkZjo6Oi4uLioqKZmZmaGhoBAQE7+/vgICAkJCQgoKCeHh4FBQUZGRkhYWFfHx8dnZ2YmJih4eHfn5+bm5uiIiIcnJyXl5eYGBgXFxcbGxsampqWFhYERERdHR0VlZWcHBwWlpaenp6DAwMUlJSTk5OSkpKRkZGUFBQVFRUTExMCAgIQEBARERENDQ0SEhIMTExLCwsLy8vMDAwQkJCNjY2/v7+7u7u6+vr39/f19fX6enp4+Pj/f393t7e5OTk1tbW2NjY29vb7Ozs1NTU2dnZ0tLS5ubm5eXl6Ojo09PT5+fn1dXV4eHh7e3t6urq4ODg4uLiAAAA////gdMO7wAAWy9JREFUeNrsXYtD2sjz52lADdCgwWppbQVbalCIVAJIpVAtqW3DwzZIAcX3E99v3fzrv4S+2DC5+uv1zrv7Zu96V3TZJJ/MzszuzmfGIKlafyqSmAiOBl+OTYQzobeZqHSLdgT/ePfoqrF1dnOxfSxdHa8enGp8e7fD5O7u8zgeDbq8zuepiPTXt6NV6WpF2l45llbOjde/adC9W3aT0dqX/29Q/bzBIlUbA759r1D8VCrNGxYtVYuhXq7RSegaaYFhBIHjBY4rM5wgiDCoBUF1RTPUq6fHORR/+Sw+FZ8cjSSCwW6ok38iHc0Xp3PznzOZ0mKm9D58CXV7ZeB4iqFJjuZImhW4HIzR8bHJ3mHdaeyaOqx2q925CuE4n4/N5g3F6TJZpalabfYAHMpqqRFVsmapkRTNcHRVPGmH/lpg68W5bGY2G0vHJkOvqwgEVf1+ylCvHEIcK1AULYgMw1MsmoF6bYiI+DxfjGUWLeVi0ZAvo8ptrsjdtHe6Ur9EhKA35EJIFBiOZZHIyPcnIAKEK8hwzSG+CyNx1d7J9P1Kcjfl8iFwrFdIJHhWvihD0TRFCqi63ga9VONs2FdGoZE+oGrffc8jj3v4ld004BlFWajXFEodnRpHRpaNjfGVjd40CoK3RbDnrR8D6CPQaR5xhZyhXihmLIbs+0wVsZD6IoUph93x0O6+7xx45D48TKM+oNdzRFqNe0fn+9aDlYOtcbtYAu/rPaItC1VLLlcKZYrzoRkB3W/vtI/oB153v9djXbMfXliDMBLyJSNdRwc3yyuXtvHlXpuZZe+1Q19CrUC8RD5opARKt37sogsw9E5MGyA/eFsVprP1YxyFgU4L6EXrR6MoQhq6Ki7jhgu5gF4DqIhNOzQP3ldGfvbNllszsBeAnUL51o9raBocy68S4SJaa4d+AR1+U2OXCg4g9BFcdxhZUOGkUD+OQz8s9QKG11MUA6Uee40jNLsGST3bkPAZ5AQVDiYpOxpKIoyGcP1JA51OkWGp1VQiUAjlh3qheq2NdugJuyQNpWSl84h+qoj3EKy6pnCFZ4DFZrj14wP0AOq1zOCiGgChN+DvbZn7LiGYtkRWXBOLbqCXF1k2Wz6uItjMxlSz9BO70d7pEFm6MCRmwbGGVGOV2P026GnWKEkOPnfjY6lVBQdQUsdQrvVdH7IErHBe4MIGSz1H2/C7hBQOiZ5i3oAoArNfKnG4wvGwZhD6eitcIzwM/RvVjA+w++2ddtDnJQx6eKxhldRnZeXVDr0iTSaeQXR3Uy2CcPlQaQmbdTzoIqBE68dH8AySahSm6wfRJKjrsRu5EEVABKWySuE8V82CL+0JKrVK/RGbkWA3DjcUr6HBGqjc+hqtKKOh6ydaPy59Zo/boKeQ/asvF2868LBpfIrPq1OWh18QZhG6NcxsGZf6YfQB6oQeY24kh0ygO4s7IXFwjdCNsGXIsQb00/j9dhLoFJL6YqsQXoNTVoHiDeaXlIV26GlBdvYlB8PTlKMpqSBc/eh968dLjoZfNWa/Vtnn4G1RXC8+OZ6Cun6g9aONwj3Sb8ZYFqbWNoocQC8HPmdtDGwaU7hB6yQUXdzuXGJj7bExcKwBlQHLoZU26KvsliRtM0L3NS/YFfQgHGSlgElmQyBh6DEROGdhv57Epd75Zb6pWhHXVjYaVCUlDl+9elAPKDiYkrAxRfC+ZvAbWZpDu8CKF4e+oaFwHqi8qFm01QZ9CXVIIxXRI8tG1a/MzQQ0khu3JmusCPWK47PMjt7C0HMjuIWYgnYb0CC2fmeg9Y2UY00q59IO7UmgfCtcnWRdgm//qQouwJ+9wp3LNdzNb5lo+CbKHDpog74mL71P55s3rEjGfdjn9eKLtn3YzMbx662xE7DCEY5/LvUF3EVY58F1akml29PoHtDrIW5mL3kLeF9q764IvcdV3OpZETyDTlUPlZNnUJvCQY9wAQHNhgfVW72ScZ6BF16B1o+9Igx9HW3jiwRIcPK4pzfCgapkUQX9C/xpvj8U2arilgVwQSivaYKqjYUn7Z1u2M+tH7dZ2Lm8hy//ZTty2gZ9EU3dnK1emE6NN9cH9/qm0StY4TCtpvGMF2HoWyRiqbMHFGcFVc/20dHy2cHuzr7ZfBgFBSeLv0bZ7DpusQD1IMiymxEjq7gl6av02KqEhlcSUb0KwKm6Yqu4twRL/WPV3k5aVi5tHg5ieYbnESvwQnMfEIT+IWJTwbFwbCaVCqcn3n5C4jjQ6yUScjOzeUvdYigaylVG9eZ/OHECx/M0x8qtuQeYBdc3pQHXwGDQ5xt953+aiJMg9FFE5aZDqWRq6u3boC8wNg9uee+ybP1TqWyo1i2FfPaTgaXhnUv0+uJmzWSy7u92bJ3s2ovQJddZYbj78ZjP43Y6B/uH8/C6XjKxQjI5nfmY/BhOJzPJjCAa1dCvfKoKgiCKNMFQDM3wTPUhNJJTvTcL6vo+VaeaHd4r4TieIiiySlA0UbF89DdAXa9qwg7o/atbAOg1zqs6zWss/pHAs1/2gwVO+QtkONT71LDUL3PqG7tu38ORDraMu7t7A6PS+spJYwM+RNh7Wypm3rzJ51/HwqHE69fxDvjmXX1202GHydHjcXjc9it4sJPVja+XGdc+5wmW66V63ZLNFj/XKtWq5QN4ntIxFPSNjiYiiXgwGPQHAnEfvKyPeKyme+Z79p175vsP+k3L8PHGIlGlKNJiIEiCpBiiBJ70vLFkcp9nQulUzpB5Gc0lzfD9m72jo76ePpfnyQOff/jVUOBKMmg86kRJ0pssDN8V6fpvH1sL+vfsjQ78X9u0oKfQMx2cO4H+QNTYB9LbXw297MJQKzo6dwF9XnZ/XDo6dwF9VYZ+UkfnDqA/ZRErEjo6dwB9jKiJPvaxDs/fD33x4SS6du3q8Pz90NulMaQDf0dLqqfgAZze/gboJ9hVHZw7gl5Y1sG5G+hjyKiDczfQx1FDB+duoF/Lr+vg3A30etOh/x+C3rh7arKauh1up+eRKzFX6LvNKEfanuj2xsrG1sX29er6hWanQ/NhR99Dk72723S+1n3/7zDwy1d7K+srZyvLyysn/xDoA7yAcwh58M6efsp+zGezs9OfCrOfCiWGA4mZYUON5Dia4zmG42mBg+NwhsmWKyrxIAyIvd3j7fN6HK7+Bx6XczAdBzv1OAdfpdKpUHQyNZEKpcIhMK48UqtTNM0wNEPTFM2Q2qdCy2c3xsZa43hj7+j6CFzfn5jvP3a7njzp73cN+ePBCRM4ji8cTYWys7lMIpmMjU7FJgEG4YT89ALFMARFUtUqKSAWHItWxzZA7I1lJVBCZMWv8RJllAJvawoxVYKpFioLtMBTDA8O1phVXxHa0/a0BYOAMX2zSnwHy4tKtJGo9HoIr+jLBMMLosiyPC//hRegyJKs6oI0uB5ifvAMvwQbJdqhf47Khwfjx2e9yyPLnZ0j3RQYxy4RaOFlODk2Nfo2FEv4IwwYAXksIP/+wfmB0WQ1202He8xH8AkDaKyr86RXkrpOdoyXJ7s0BH0UsflcPpSMvZmeSWVSeQFBXOoBREajk4lA/9NAcDQxORqgQehT/Icd69r27uHp6saB1TooeKFeVwKqzhdKdUuNkBtZrYKxWVmUS32czUTSkZdvZmZieZD/vMxxLoen227qONg9MFrt75S7V0Pf3xYIDhFnJAoP/J0G+aknvIDFENfhzYmAiuxSgqK8hlTyO8BC2qvBqiZWsQpdMVjDsO4TQVUyzhNfQjO7Ojs7u3q7tkCS10dMUPxKjDwkqngc6Ybwqh36QdX4ebQKS/13at7OiAI9FIa3IWKRmV0VEST0u1gsUKmzCk2hB6og2C4KkvrHqrnQSUL0ZymEx84+RzDFm8MjyRoI4sSXsGjzBDoHh6IMrbHNklkJ51RD71RFdb+GoS8hr7ThUfD2iT7lBUHa8prlMabBJzA8ULovYkD00lAQ8ZAK+l0EhS3fV5E6Nsug1Efxc2cfSPGUFTTG1ZFMGgqnVerCsJKQKAKjb5yQwXbovaqY1DkRzDJQl6fZBBL3JTfiz5XAWSD+WToTMK7Z0rwIrpCHcRRl6AEknCpCag8LxfTts/gL6qTAILoIPkldMDlYHbC9BdKR8Q2XIAuHStIkRtXrJT+0Q9+nckPes9vQUBYZnvEwWhymWUXVTYLR7isC2xqTumQAo/BlILBgxhEG0l5unDgjWUmI5HUgYIxYyUaBZvY9fgUvbri0FM4qRNZJ4dA/1ThhorCIfumYnWmH3sgm/2job62ssMq6wrKX1GQlvwSdy0sBJ35F4bFe4qQhWddbIejx2e9E70Dncg5XOPUadMU0LuZOmFW6IuBTaAdyjtM4y8fD74PQVwVswl9yE+3Q37C4wknAzmUVeZvvCQlrXwQXci4vRXyGTsIiEVep7XmICN6HFrHP3eAiwalyEpYsIL8ugfMiXRohR8wHldQDZnYSt3IR9h44VJnHWJLHHODhbLG4jzANHxRalLvdzClrlpWmywBBf8aWbbhFApPYTOJC11WGyK5enPUnQw95OA41e6JIwdD34zPKC6/0P6t0PWBmZ/DXNqY1FA79EQt4OHacEbuUZ89gD2dIWkqjuI9FRZsy7TygssScy6U8/BojOPXDRiAgCqUHUb24aoEoKmaVf7ZpoOD1sxN/YXAGgYUFzHCcQaylJG4nBkGjJ0kFFiMXjAiT7dCraJlLGVjhFFBAnqeyrRimhG7l3YPuWQk7ZeyywE5vEDezsq4Hbt/eBj2kcC5Y3A/qrNGwc+nBFQ4MfRUj9G6LBhD6YXxyOsChcgjzfC4ZwMM5UD1SDDSg0qJsGj0RRQVcHtiU1ESgtiQxbmCXAX6Nw7ioLhkg2l+DxX0ENwi9FeE6YslA30LX+0CmriTVcOhZyGS/USee6YYVDm6Nuz6HIehxTzgMj1XGVa0fhr7IY2L+CV41OlWJTIpQtqhVFveMB3A69LfdZ9XdSyQNW5cP+GuE+XV1xoY5vRCzOYwr934E88XqKg+jAiicE0Gc8gX9w2OjE8GJ6Mt3JKzFyyjceXy5PD5ysn15snGSgFPdJLmnCpOq22Pqfuz0DlYpeIMQ0X5fPPjKn3gbD8YjEU61p/PVEyZ6lzAlAcG1ylJrK0c328Z9o3HncGfrkAahn0G1oQGX0+f3e564nQMp9BK8MXxNsC5aQD91bLm3a6mza6RLWrJtvtLYBM0hh9Wxs281H3bbdzcafQIg9e3bwQMSuGkkVBmKIkmaoWiGFuFeNdVQcADtg7adXkDhnLNstTwd/jyf/Zyf/ZSbJkBuoHz3As1wnKDsBrOiICIQ+gn1BcGDBIJ9HZ2JfgiHozOhWChZQCQ4gQSSqJWrZXLBUq5WeAQHqmbRD9Yiq5yIQND7ymVLubRoqRuK+aIlF4KPN3zqmwfN7CxLU0RZSTNIVuQ/BnjRKIWK2Wg4lEyPzeTmsvn3MVie1Vf0wbORFxTMeZ4VBFYU4WwRuwopkKgSCyRdq5XLVWLgD/fYvzUSlEG8saBplIIcXTN8KlhqtUqpXC8Vkte/fjYbjQ8PDQz3OP2Dgw/cDvsTuJf19x2+9Sejcb/XPeh51D/s8/mGXODK2Ni9tdXYbxi3LqwHxv2DNftPRr36g98FCpPBVDj9NhR9NhmNjL57BTkJOx73o8eP/P3eIcdjr/OFSytccqudo/Nnj8VzHklvv9b+JPQ3GklI9PaXQ+9CnB4q9cvQb43m8v5f/XpAZ7v9OvRWBr2ua6S8/XnLIo2MU3r7OfR+lJU6UPUXv04gXeP8usIxGe2TiPm1b7sVb3tQR/EXofdThRLC04/duinMZt3H+XWFk1vyIu6XvrwmvBdrxaqO4q9BP42ckh9x+7/CZHCSe2R+XKef/CL0IVR5KyDEpn/hy8sHUvmzjuGvQr9TYulokpj9xVopNV3d/InV7Omf+f6+Trm6o40EvenQ69DrTYdeh15vOvT/BuivBsaSc/l8Jvm5VCwWs3O5J1pfPbo+25Oah6+NDY3sgIee4WF3z6DT+cA56PX2D8H0TetUKBMKh1OhWPhNKBoPxX9TZoxxrV8cOMzdh/sbjR2T9XTnyHjw90CtEBVWWm6tDfq6+hx+EcS0UCVohqZImiSqJM9QIL12SFSNlYSXZepLQqcvJ2kLQVYNJUuxkJ+bz38sQKwSY7xUJmq1arlK1qoEVSU+Q9Smmy+xBrzIKmRRjhcSMFY7PY+fODyD/mFXIOAw9/ihmL7lQDSayodnYqnQp0ImlJuHw10fEiQtN5KhyGYIDZUfh+Jwqu9DL0Oh9Fgk4R8bm+A0qn2pGlgbNYLEqmXucylXrxE1iuI1SpVRaDEZSk2+Tc+8D6dDswKYWDb17Uril/cJbvhl20J6oFIrVhGJNF0maY4meIUnDG+Zu9RJugUgdt5zK7aoFERCha6SlCytZYNhnlDKi7YBa8BDajopcJPmEao99vQ8NN1/ct903v2wnwEpsWMo+zVar7O36/LSLML3ReN1YlJgxHgWlT98eD4aGexxTySiKRaEK4f81j57h8kz4Oju3rebZuC4Mgo51/c2R/a2r2wXW8bTNxwYTR1FQq2QL81O54uGYn1+moLKo1wzaPbFC5/L+7jf5fH4I3DBHKkfxaXxLpttfaQZtNtZQO526Ct4/NQuvB2/pqo6ZgAJ1xN4IOuICCeKp/k9/FtQMEsaD+k1gKQldSUXL1jbaU/AC9NMCaBVeIVeYWGeCYjbNM5gHEUbD0fYeVRHsNPoCQQ9ptJW4AoQDbaCSWouBEP/YzJ0bko2jZq6NfEMl3qovGAcD+ktsifg1MBZEU/w9/Xt5vFaJRr8B1ld4gFucQHYHt8Q6q1B+FsaR61q/pESmt0GvQUPnTXCx96HiMDC3edBqY/LdtU2OKrI52jtQloW4SN0A8aAkF6DMeq42GzWQWbjtCrQdwCMzDwTGEzqc3DBjFFVNCNYvPZMnG+Nwj2DC+ZIj1V1TyYh6A24kdOA3qgqMlEApd6F5qQVDhl6JT8qdmpWBM1j1YVl6IFwvUncYC6VwARhBRU6LpCgdsFS2AULMPQ+1amzH4J+ncWEbo9m9mCFE1cJZQCqN4tdc