The Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Govt. of India is acknowledged for all support. SKU is grateful to Panjab University, Chandigarh for facility and other support.
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2 Application of Microorganisms in Biosurfactant Production
Lorena Pedraza-Segura1, Luis V. Rodríguez-Durán2, Gerardo Saucedo-Castañeda3, and José de Jesús Cázares-Marinero4
1 Department of Chemical, Industrial and Food Engineering, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
2 Multidisciplinary Academic Unit Mante, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas, México
3 Biotechnology Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
4 Department of Research & Development, Polioles, S.A. de C.V, Mexico
2.1 Biosurfactants Nature and Classification
Biosurfactants (BS) are amphiphilic molecules that, as any surfactant, consist in two contrasting moieties: (i) one hydrophilic part showing affinity to polar substances like water, and (ii) one lipophilic displaying attraction to non‐polar media such as oil and fats (Figure 2.1) [1]. The prefix “bio” refers to the fact that these surfactants are exclusively produced through biochemical transformations within microorganisms under certain conditions; this is why BS are also called microbial surfactants [2]. The adjustable binary hydrophilic–lipophilic feature confers surfactants appealing properties for applications in all types of industrial sectors.
Surfactants can be categorized according to their (i) origin, (ii) electrostatic status, and (iii) the ratio of their hydrophilic and lipophilic components (Table 2.1). In the first category,