rel="nofollow" href="#ulink_d96f5d4a-d1ba-53bb-a375-e01749aa4857">2 Nineteenth-century theologian Albert Barnes argued that the Golden Rule was entirely essential to the system of Christianity and anything done contrary to it violates the spirit of Christianity: “No one, under the influence of this rule, ever made a man a slave.” See, Albert Barnes, Inquiry into the Scriptural Views of Slavery (Philadelphia: Perkins & Purves, 1846), 248–249. David Walker also argued the holding of African Americans in the most “abject slavery and wretchedness” violated the Golden Rule. He stated, “Our divine Lord and Master said, ‘all things whatsoever ye would that men should do unto you, do ye even so unto them.’” See, David Walker, David Walker’s Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World, 1829, 43, accessed February 10, 2017, http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/walker/walker.html.
3 3 John Woolman 1720–1772, The Essays and Journal of John Wooman (New York: Macmillan, 1922), 340.
4 4 Anthony Benezet and David Cooper, “A Mite Cast into the Treasury: Or, Observations on Slave-keeping, 1772,” 6–8, accessed June 23, 2016, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/evans/N09682.0001.001.
5 5 Charles Elliott, Sinfulness of Slavery, Vol. 1 (Cincinnati, OH: L. Swormsdedt & J. H. Power, 1850), 274.
6 6 Elliott, Sinfulness, 275.
7 7 Elliott, Sinfulness, 276.
8 8 Elliott, Sinfulness, 278–279.
9 9 Elliott, Sinfulness, 278–279.
10 10 Allen Dwight Callahan, The Talking Book: African Americans and the Bible (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006), 35–36.
11 11 Robert Furman, Exposition of the View of the Baptists, Relative to the Coloured Population in the United States in Communication to the Governor of South Carolina (Charleston, SC: A. E. Miller, 1838), 10.
12 12 Furman, Exposition, 12.
13 13 James Henley Thornwell, The Rights and Duties of Masters: Preachers at the Dedication of A Church (Charleston, SC: Steam Power Press of Walker and James, 1850), 42–43.
14 14 Martha C. Nussbaum, Upheavals of Thought: The Intelligence of Emotions (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 316.
15 15 Nussbaum, Upheavals, 316.
16 16 Nussbaum, Upheavals, 316.
17 17 Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 US 393 (1856), accessed June 20, 2016, https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/60/393/case.html.
18 18 Mark Noll, The Civil War as a Theological Crisis (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2015), 86–87, Kindle Edition.
19 19 Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 US 537 (1896), accessed July 15, 2016, https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/163/537/case.html.
20 20 Plessy v. Ferguson.
21 21 See Peter J. Paris, The Social Teaching of the Black Churches (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1985), xii.
22 22 Annual, SBC, 1905, 14, accessed July 17, 2016, http://digitalcollections.baylor.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ml-sbcann/id/926.
23 23 Ibid.
24 24 Annual, SBC, 1906, 42, accessed June 13, 2016, http://digitalcollections.baylor.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ml-sbcann/id/7999.
25 25 Annual, SBC, 1915, 50, accessed June 17, 2016, http://digitalcollections.baylor.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ml-sbcann/id/7132.
26 26 Annual, SBC, 1915, 51.
27 27 Annual, SBC, 1915, 52.
28 28 Resolution, SBC, 1919, “On Religious Liberty,” accessed June 18, 2016, http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/914/resolution-on-religious-liberty.
29 29 Annual, SBC, 1940, 85, accessed June 18, 2016, http://digitalcollections.baylor.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ml-sbcann/id/48595.
30 30 Mark Newman, Religion and American Culture: Getting Right With God: Southern Baptists and Desegregation, 1945–1995 (Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, 2011), 10.
31 31 Resolution, SBC 1941, “Resolution Concerning Race Relations,” accessed July 1, 2016, http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/881/resolution-concerning-race-relations.
32 32 Resolution, SBC 1941, 108.
33 33 David L. Chappell, A Stone of Hope: Prophetic Religion and the Death of Jim Crow (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2005), 107.
34 34 Resolution, SBC, 1961, “Resolution on Race Relations,” accessed July 1, 2016, http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/886/resolution-on-race-relations.
35 35 Resolution, SBC, 1961.
36 36 Annual, SBC, 1964,