handles. (E). The black button on the handle (black arrow) is pushed by simulaneus pressure applied on the blue buttons until the red marks are no longer visible, which engages the needle. The blue button is used for toggling the needle from jaw to jaw during suturing by pressing one at a time (red arrow). (F). Tension on the suture during removal from the cartridge, and while suturing, is applied with the needle stabilized by both jaws.
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3 Imaging Equipment and Operating Room Set‐Up
Fausto Brandão and Christopher Chamness
Key Points
Full HD (High Definition) is now the standard in veterinary video‐assisted surgery, which is defined as 1920 × 1080 pixels, currently provided with the latest generation CMOS chip cameras.
The “minimally invasive” concept has led to the introduction of miniature scopes and needlescopes into the field of small animal MIS with proven reduced morbidity.
Digital contrast technologies and tissue‐targeted dying technologies such as ICG (indocyanine green) fluorescence yield increased accuracy for refined and advanced minimally invasive procedures enabling higher detail visual perception of living tissues.
Integration platforms and converging MIS technologies enable the control of multimodal systems from a single screen for operator ease.
Imaging Equipment
While veterinary surgeons have defined and implemented the major trends and achievements in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) over the past 20 years, the development of specialized techniques and instrumentation made it possible for professionals to enhance the accuracy and complexity of the procedures. Over these two decades, many veterinary practices and hospitals implemented new standards of surgical care and realized the benefits associated with video‐assisted laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgeries, utilizing those techniques on a regular basis, despite previous objections to high economic investment. The goal of this chapter is to update and familiarize practitioners with currently available technologies for a fully equipped and integrated