Preparation Surgical Technique Complications Postoperative Care Hormone Sparing Spay; Hysterectomy Patient Selection Operating Room Set Up and Portal Placement Relevant Anatomy Considerations Surgical Procedure Laparoscopy‐assisted Hysterectomy Surgical Technique Postoperative Care Outcome References 23 Laparoscopic Castration and Sterilization Techniques of the Male Dog Background to Alternative Castration and Sterilization Techniques Laparoscopic Castration by Devascularization Challenges Specific to the Technique Postoperative Care Complications and Prognosis Laparoscopic Canine Vasectomy Surgical Technique Recovery Complications Outcome Cryptorchidectomy Complications and Prognosis Postoperative Care References 24 The Role of Laparoscopy in Cancer Staging Diagnostic Laparoscopy and Biopsy Lymphatic Staging Preoperative Considerations Patient Preparation Surgical Technique Complications and Challenges Postoperative Care References 25 Diaphragmatic and Inguinal Herniorrhaphy Anatomy and Physiology of the Diaphragm Laparoscopic Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic Herniorrhaphy (PPDH) Surgical Technique Surgical Techniques for Inguinal and Abdominal Hernias References 26 Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery: NOTES Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) History of NOTES Advantages and Disadvantages of NOTES Surgical Techniques via Transgastric NOTES Transvaginal NOTES Using Flexible and Rigid Endoscope Preoperative Considerations Surgical Techniques via Transvaginal H‐NOTES Abdominal and Transvaginal Access H‐NOTES Ovariectomy H‐NOTES Ovariohysterectomy Surgical Techniques by Transvaginal T‐NOTES T‐NOTES Ovariectomy T‐NOTES Ovariohysterectomy Complications and Considerations for Future Application References
16 Section V: Fundamental Techniques in Thoracoscopy 27 Anesthesia for Thoracoscopy Pathophysiology of One‐Lung Anesthesia Anesthesia One‐Lung Ventilation Pain Management References 28 Patient Positioning, Port Placement, and Access Techniques for Thoracoscopic Surgery Operating Room Patient Positioning Thoracic Access Techniques Thoracic Port Types, Placement, and Position Placement of Instrument Portals Complications of Thoracic Access References 29 Thoracoscopic Anatomy, Exploration, and Diagnostic Thoracoscopy Preoperative Considerations Patient Preparation Surgical