Website Design and Development with HTML5 and CSS3
Hassen Ben Rebah
Hafedh Boukthir
Antoine Chédebois
First published 2021 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:
ISTE Ltd
27-37 St George’s Road
London SW19 4EU
UK
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
USA
© ISTE Ltd 2021
The rights of Hassen Ben Rebah, Hafedh Boukthir and Antoine Chédebois to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2021940275
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-78630-696-8
Foreword
When Hassen Ben Rebah contacted me to write the foreword to his new book on HTML5 and CSS3 in collaboration with his colleagues, I was surprised by the invitation. One can only accept such an honor. Hassen Ben Rebah is a university teacher recognized for his know-how and knowledge of web programming (HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, etc.). He is excellent at passing his knowledge on to others. Two people have embarked on this new adventure with him: Antoine, a lead developer at Amazon, and Hafedh, a fellow teacher. The collaboration of these three authors promises to culminate in a fine work.
It is also worth remembering that 2020 is the 10th year that HTML5 has been creating a stir in the world for web designers! What better time to produce this new opus on HTML5? Of course, the first official version was released in 2014, but we had all been eagerly awaiting it since 2010. The HTML5 specifications are the longest of all the major versions of HTML to be written since it came into existence. This just shows the power of this version!
Today, we cannot talk about HTML5 without associating it with CSS3. This version of stylesheets has existed for 20 years, yet it has only been effectively integrated into modern navigators for a quarter of its life. Modernity, indeed, as CSS3 offers a veritable arsenal of selectors, use of web fonts, gradients, shadows and animations without a single line of JavaScript! The only limit to your creativity will be your own imagination.
Who better than two teachers and a lead developer to explain the magic of these two computer languages? Hassen, Antoine and Hafedh will accompany you throughout this book in your understanding and mastery of the indissociable pairing that is HTML5 and CSS3. In it you will find a whole repository for each language, as well as concrete examples of their use. This book will become your new bedside reading.
Teddy PAYET
Lead Developer CTO Freelance
July 2021
Preface
Book objectives and structure
This book discusses website programming through the study of the HTML5 and CSS3 web development languages. The first is used for the structuring and content of a site, and the second for graphic design and formatting.
The book begins by focusing on studying the HTML5 and CSS3 languages; it then presents the procedure for creating a website (choice of architecture, hosting, updating, referencing, etc.) as well as the key rules to be applied in order to ensure the success of the project, in particular by better meeting user needs.
In addition, there are examples illustrating the majority of the chapters in the book. This work also features corrected practical exercises, structured according to an expanding logic: from designing a simple HTML5 page to creating a professional website. These exercises serve to teach readers the basic concepts they need to master if they wish to create a website: page structure, element positioning, insertion of forms, tables, images, videos, audios, etc.
All the source codes of the practical exercises presented in this book are available on GitHub.
Target readership
This book is intended for both students and academics starting out in the field of web page development and creation, and also for website designers and web designers wishing to develop their creations.
July 2021
1
The Web and its Future
At the turn of the 21st century, information, including access to the Internet, became the basis for personal, economic and political progress. A popular name for the Internet is the “information highway”, and it became the place where one goes to find the latest financial news, to browse library catalogs, to exchange information with colleagues or to participate in a lively political debate. The Internet is the tool that will lead you, beyond telephones, faxes and isolated computers, to a rapidly growing network of information without borders.
The Internet complements the traditional tools you use to collect information, graphical data, view the news and connect with others. The Internet is shrinking the world; bringing information, skills and knowledge on almost all subjects imaginable directly to your computer.
The Internet is what we call a meta network, that is a network of networks that covers the entire world. It is impossible to give an exact number of the amount of networks or users that make up the Internet, but it easily exceeds several billion (4.57 billion Internet users in the first quarter of 2020 according to the site blogdumoderateur1).
1.1. Background
The Internet was first designed by the Department of Defense, as a means of protecting US government communications systems in the event of a military attack. The original network, baptized ARPANET (after the Advanced Research Projects Agency that developed it), evolved into a communication channel between the entrepreneurs, military personnel and academic researchers who contribute to ARPA projects.
1.1.1. The 1960s: context of the Cold War
In 1957, the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) was created in the United States to lead a small number of projects aimed at ensuring scientific and technical predominance over the