head of sperm from a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×)....Figure 2.4 Nuclear vacuoles in a bull also note the proximal droplet (eosin–...Figure 2.5 Large nuclear vacuole in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 2.6 Multiple small nuclear vacuoles in the head of a sperm from a bul...Figure 2.7 Multiple small nuclear vacuoles in the head of a sperm from a bul...Figure 2.8 Large confluent nuclear vacuole from a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000...Figure 2.9 Multiple small nuclear vacuoles in a buck (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×)...Figure 2.10 Large confluent nuclear vacuoles in the head of sperm from a bul...Figure 2.11 Diadem defects in a bull (phase contrast wet mount, 1000×).Figure 2.12 Diadem defect in a bull (phase contrast wet mount, 1000×).Figure 2.13 Diadem defect in a bull (phase contrast wet mount, 1000×).Figure 2.14 Large vacuole in the head (arrow). Also note the pseudodroplet (...Figure 2.15 Multiple vacuole in the head of the sperm. Also note the mitocho...Figure 2.16 Multiple diadem defects indicated by arrow (eosin–nigrosin, bull...
4 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Macrocephalic sperm head in a bull indicated by arrow next to a n...Figure 3.2 Macrocephalic head with proximal droplet in a bull (eosin–nigrosi...Figure 3.3 Microcephalic heads in a bull as indicated by arrows (phase contr...Figure 3.4 Microcephalic head in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).
5 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Rolled head (arrow): Rolled heads are often noted with the roll a...Figure 4.2 Rolled head in a bull indicated by arrow also note the teratoid i...
6 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Abnormal chromatin condensation in a bull as shown by arrows (Feu...
7 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Acrosome abnormalities. Variation in appearance of knobbed acroso...Figure 6.2 Indented acrosome defect with arrowing pointing toward indentatio...Figure 6.3 Knobbed acrosome defect as noted by arrow, arrowhead points towar...Figure 6.4 Knobbed acrosome as noted by arrow (eosin–nigrosin, bull, 1000×)....Figure 6.5 Indented acrosome as noted by arrow (eosin–nigrosin, bull, 1000×)...Figure 6.6 Indented acrosome as noted by arrow, arrow heads indicates proxim...Figure 6.7 Knobbed acrosome defect in a ram as indicated by arrows (eosin–ni...Figure 6.8 Knobbed acrosome defect in a buck as indicated by arrow (eosin–ni...Figure 6.9 Knobbed acrosome defect in a buck as indicated by arrow (eosin–ni...Figure 6.10 Knobbed acrosome defect in a bull in the indented form (eosin–ni...Figure 6.11 Knobbed acrosome defect in a stallion (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 6.12 Knobbed acrosome defect in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 6.13 Knobbed acrosome defect in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).
8 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Abnormal detached head in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 7.2 Abnormal detached head in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 7.3 Detaching head in a buck (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 7.4 Detached abnormal head with corresponding tail in a bull (eosin–n...
9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Proximal cytoplasmic droplets in a bull – spherical cytoplasmic d...Figure 9.2 Proximal cytoplasmic droplet in a ram as noted by arrow (eosin–ni...Figure 9.3 Proximal cytoplasmic droplet in a buck as noted by arrow (eosin–n...Figure 9.4 Proximal cytoplasmic droplet in a bull (eosin–, 1000×).Figure 9.5 Sperm with proximal cytoplasmic droplets in a dog suffering from ...Figure 9.6 Proximal cytoplasmic droplets in a dog as indicated by arrows (eo...Figure 9.7 Proximal cytoplasmic droplet in a stallion (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×...Figure 9.8 Proximal cytoplasmic droplet in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 9.9 Proximal cytoplasmic droplet in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 9.10 Proximal cytoplasmic droplet in a bull (phase contrast wet mount...Figure 9.11 Proximal cytoplasmic droplet in a bull as noted by arrow also py...Figure 9.12 Proximal cytoplasmic droplet in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×)....
10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Pseudodroplet is characterized by local thickening somewhere alo...
11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Abnormal midpiece that culminates in a terminally coiled tail (e...Figure 11.2 Abnormal midpiece in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 11.3 Broken midpiece in a bull with breaks indicated by arrows (eosin...Figure 11.4 Broken midpiece at the site of attachment in a bull (eosin–nigro...Figure 11.5 Abnormal midpieces in a bull (phase contrast wet mount, 1000×). ...Figure 11.6 Abnormal midpiece in a ram, note the roughened mitochondrial she...Figure 11.7 Abnormal midpiece with mitochondrial sheath defect in a ram (eos...Figure 11.8 Mitochondrial sheath defects as indicated by arrows in a ram (eo...Figure 11.9 Mitochondrial sheath defect in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 11.10 Mitochondrial sheath defect in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×)....Figure 11.11 Mitochondrial sheath defect in a buck (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×)....
12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Corkscrew sperm in a bull as indicated by arrow (eosin–nigrosin,...Figure 12.2 Corkscrew sperm defect in a ram (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 12.3 Corkscrew defect in buck (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 12.4 Corkscrew defect in bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).
13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Dag defect as indicated by arrow with distal midpiece reflex bel...Figure 13.2 Dag defect in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 13.3 Dag defect in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 13.4 Dag defect in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 13.5 Dag defect in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 13.6 Dag defect in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 13.7 Dag defect in a bull (phase contrast, 1000×).
14 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Distal midpiece reflex (DMR) in a stallion. Note proximal drople...Figure 14.2 DMR in a bull. Note midpiece reflexed around a droplet, which is...Figure 14.3 DMR in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 14.4 Multiple DMR defects in a bull suffering from environmental stre...Figure 14.5 DMR in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 14.6 DMR in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 14.7 DMR in a bull, note the trapped droplet (phase contrast wet moun...Figure 14.8 DMR in a bull (phase contrast wet mount, 1000×).Figure 14.9 DMR in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).
15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Bowed midpiece (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).
16 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Distal droplet in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 16.2 Distal droplet in a ram (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 16.3 Distal droplet in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 16.4 Distal droplet in a bull (phase contrast wet mount, 1000×).
17 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Abaxial implantation (arrow) (eosin–nigrosin, bull, 1000×).Figure 17.2 Abaxial implantation in a stallion (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).
18 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 Tail stump defect with stumps obscured by cytoplasmic droplets (...Figure 18.2 Tail stump defect in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 18.3 Tail stump defect in a bull, also note pyriform shape and diadem...Figure 18.4 Tail stump defect in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).
19 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 Coiled principal piece in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 19.2 Coiled principal piece in a bull (arrow) sperm also has a proxim...Figure 19.3 Coiled principal piece in a ram (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 19.4 Coiled principal piece in a bull (arrows) (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×...Figure 19.5 Coiled principal piece in a bull (arrow) (phase contrast wet mou...
20 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 Double midpiece in a buck (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 20.2 Double midpieces in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 20.3 Double heads and midpiece that culminate into a single principal...Figure 20.4 Double midpiece that terminate into a coiled tail (eosin–nigrosi...Figure 20.5 Double midpieces in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 20.6 Double midpiece in a bull indicated by arrow (eosin–nigrosin, 10...Figure 20.7 Accessory tail indicated by arrow in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 100...
21 Chapter 21Figure 21.1 Bent principal piece in a bull – note the lack of cytoplasmic dr...Figure 21.2 Bent principal piece in a bull as indicated by arrowhead compare...Figure 21.3 Bent principal piece in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 21.4 Bent principal pieces in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).
22 Chapter 22Figure 22.1 Short tail defect in a bull characterized by missing principal p...Figure 22.2 Short tail defect in a bull (eosin‐nigrosin, 1000×).
23 Chapter 23Figure 23.1 When multiple sperm with bent principal pieces and no retained d...Figure 23.2 Cytoplasmic droplets are shed during ejaculation and can be note...Figure 23.3 Eosin–nigrosin stain often contains small particles of undissolv...Figure 23.4 Cracking of stain due to prolonged drying. Drying can be hastene...
24 Chapter 25Figure 25.1 Round cells can be noted during evaluation of sperm