Elias B. Hanna

Practical Cardiovascular Medicine


Скачать книгу

Gibbons R, Chatterjee K, Daley J, et al. ACC/AHA 1999 guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina). J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33: 2092–197.

      17 17. Pryor DB, Shaw L, Harrell FE, et al. Estimating the likelihood of severe coronary artery disease. Am J Med 1991; 90: 553–62.

      18 18. Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with ischemic heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60: e44–164 (+2014 update). +Also: Patel MR, Calhoon JH, Dehmer GJ, et al. ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/SCAI/SCCT/STS 2017 Appropriate Use Criteria for Coronary Revascularization in Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017; 69(17):2212-2241.

      19 19. Maron DJ, Hochman JS, Reynolds HR, et al. Initial invasive or conservative strategy for stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:1395-1407. ISCHEMIA trial.

      20 20. Bangalore S, Maron DJ, O’Brien SM, et al. Management of coronary disease in patients with advanced kidney disease. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 1608-1618. ISCHEMIA-CKD trial.

      21 21. SCOT-HEART Investigators, Newby DE, Adamson PD, et al. Coronary CT angiography and 5-year risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2018; 379:924–33.

      22 22. Shaw LJ, Peterson ED, Shaw LK, et al. Use of a prognostic treadmill score in identifying diagnostic coronary disease subgroups. Circulation. 1998; 98: 1622–30.

      23 23. Hachamovitch R, Berman DS, Kiat H, et al. Exercise myocardial perfusion SPECT in patients without known coronary artery disease: incremental prognostic value and use in risk stratification. Circulation 1996; 93: 905–14.

      24 24. Bouzas-Mosquera A, Peteiro J, Álvarez-García N. Prediction of mortality and major cardiac events by exercise echocardiography in patients with normal exercise electrocardiographic testing. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53: 1981–90.

      25 25. Bouzas-Mosquera A, Peteiro J, Alvarez-Garcia N, et al. Prognostic value of exercise echocardiography in patients with left bundle branch block. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009; 2: 251–9.

      26 26. Hachamovitch R, Hayes S, Friedman JD, et al. Determinants of risk and its temporal variation in patients with normal stress myocardial perfusion scans. What is the warranty period of a normal scan? J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41: 1329–40.

      27 27. Kemp HG, Kronmal RA, Vlietstra RA, Frye RL. Seven year survival of patients with normal or near normal coronary arteriograms: a CASS registry study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 7: 479–83.

      28 28. Xaplanteris P, Fournier S, Pijls NHJ, et al. Five-Year Outcomes with PCI Guided by Fractional Flow Reserve. N Engl J Med. 2018; 379(3):250–259.

      29 29. Geh AK, Ali S, Na B, et al. Inducible ischemia and the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in outpatients with stable coronary heart disease: the heart and soul study. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 1423–8.

      30 30. Young LH, Wackers FJT, Chyun DA, et al. Cardiac outcomes after screening for asymptomatic coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. JAMA 2009; 301: 1547–55. DIAD study

      31 31. Muhlestein JB, Lappe DL, Lima JA, et al. Effect of screening for coronary artery disease using CT angiography on mortality and cardiac events in high-risk patients with diabetes. The Factor-64 randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2014; 312: 2234–43.

      32 32. Chang HJ, Lin FY, Lee SU, et al. Coronary atherosclerotic precursors of acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 71: 2511-2522. +Also: Ferencik M, Mayrhofer T, Bittner DO, et al. Use of high-risk coronary atherosclerotic plaque detection for risk stratification of patients with stable chest pain: a secondary analysis of the PROMISE randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol 2018; 3:144–152.

      33 33. Mortensen MB, Dzaye O, Steffensen FH, et al. Impact of Plaque Burden Versus Stenosis on Ischemic Events in Patients With Coronary Atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Dec 15;76(24):2803-2813. +Also: Cho I, Chang HJ, Sung JM, et al; CONFIRM Investigators. Coronary computed tomographic angiography and risk of all-cause mortality and nonfatal myocardial infarction in subjects without chest pain syndrome from the CONFIRM Registry. Circulation. 2012 Jul 17; 126(3):304-13.

      34 34. McHenry PL, O'Donnell J, Morris SN, Jordan JJ. The abnormal exercise electrocardiogram in apparently healthy men: a predictor of angina pectoris as an initial coronary event during long-term follow-up. Circulation 1984; 70:547–51: The first symptomatic presentation is usually angina in patients with silent ischemia (MI ~33% of the time), vs MI in patients with no ischemia (~75% of the time, 13 year follow-up). +Another study: Ambrose JA, Tannenbaum MA, Alexopoulos D, et al. Angiographic progression of coronary artery disease and the development of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 12:56–62: patients with coronary occlusion occurring between 2 coronary angiogram were analyzed: those who had intercurrent MI had milder stenosis at baseline (48% stenosis, and only 22% had stenosis>70%) vs. those who did not develop MI (73% stenosis).

      35 35. Uchida T, Popma J, Stone GW, et al. The clinical impact of routine angiographic follow-up in randomized trials of drug-eluting stents: a critical assessment of “oculostenotic” reintervention in patients with intermediate lesions. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;3(4):403-411: compared to angiography driven by symptoms, routine post-PCI angiography increases detection of restenosis and increases repeat PCI, but does not improve clinical outcomes, such as death, MI, or the long-term target vessel revascularization. +Another study: Zellweger MJ, Weinbacher M, Zutter AW. Long-term outcome of patients with silent versus symptomatic ischemia six months after percutaneous coronary intervention and stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42: 33–40. Ischemia 6 months post-PCI predicts more revascularization, but not more death or MI at 4 years.

      36 36. Bhatt DL, Flather MD, Hacke W, et al. Patients with prior myocardial infarction, stroke, or symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49: 1982–8.

      37 37. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE) CAPRIE Steering Committee. Lancet 1996; 348: 1329–39.

      38 38. Yasuda S, Kaikita K, Akao M, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation with Stable Coronary Disease. N Engl J Med. 2019; 381(12):1103–1113.

      39 39. Hurlen M, Abdelnoor M, Smith P, et al. Warfarin, aspirin, or both after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 969–74. WARIS 2.

      40 40. Bangalore S, Steg PHG, Deedwania P, et al. Beta blocker use and clinical outcomes in stable outpatients with and without coronary artery disease. JAMA 2012; 308: 1340–9. REACH registry.

      41 41. Sorbets E, Steg PG, Young R, et al, for the CLARIFY investigators, ß-blockers, calcium antagonists, and mortality in stable coronary artery disease: an international cohort study, Eur Heart J 2019; 40:1399–1407.

      42 42. Bangalore S, Sawhney S, Messerli FH. Relation of beta-blocker-induced heart rate lowering and cardioprotection in hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52: 1482–9.

      43 43. Fox K, Ford I, steg PG, et al. Ivabradine in stable coronary artery disease without clinical heart failure. N Engl J Med 2014; 371:1091–1099

      44 44. Giannattasio C, Cattaneo BM, Seravalle G, et al. Alpha 1-blocking properties of carvedilol during acute and chronic administration. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1992; 19 Suppl 1: S18–22.

      45 45. Narins CR, Zareba W, Moss AJ, et al. Relationship between intermittent claudication, inflammation, thrombosis, and recurrent cardiac events among survivors of myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164: 440–6.

      46 46. Bakris GL, Fonseca V, Katholi RE, et al. Metabolic effects of carvedilol vs. metoprolol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: a rand- omized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 292: 2227–36.

      47 47. Munzel T, Daiber A, Gori T. Nitrate therapy: new aspects concerning molecular action and tolerance. Circulation 2011; 123: 2132–44.

      48 48. Liuni A, Luca MC, Di Stoffo G, et al. Coadministration of atorvastatin prevents nitroglycerin-induced endothelial dysfunction and nitrate tolerance in healthy humans.