Feline Dentistry. Jan Bellows

Figure 2.57 (a) Micro‐Friedman rongeur.(b) Rongeur used to deliver a can...Figure 2.58 WA‐1 Root tip pick.Figure 2.59 (a) Sharpening a wing‐tipped elevator. (b) Mechanical sharpening...Figure 2.60 (a) Diplomate extraction kit in instrument cassette.(b) Dr. ...Figure 2.61 (a) High‐ (left) and low‐speed (right) handpieces loaded on a de...Figure 2.62 (a) iM3 Advantage 4–1 nose cone. (b) iM3 LS Advantage motor.Figure 2.63 Contra‐angle attachment.Figure 2.64 High‐speed handpiece.Figure 2.65 Fiber‐optic illumination.Figure 2.66 (a) Lever control bur changer. (b) Push control. (c) Bur inserti...Figure 2.67 Bur design.Figure 2.68 Round bur on a LA shank.Figure 2.69 Round bur on a friction grip shank.Figure 2.70 Bur block with various friction grip burs.Figure 2.71 Storage container for multiple bur types and sizes.Figure 2.72 Friction grip, surgical and long burs.Figure 2.73 (a) Common types of burs used in operative dentistry.Figure 2.73 (b) Round bur used to remove a section of buccal alveolar bone ...Figure 2.74 Diamond bur.Figure 2.75 Football‐shaped diamond bur used to smooth the alveolar crest af...Figure 2.76 White stone used to complete a composite restoration.Figure 2.77 (a) Canister removal tool. (b) Canister turbine. (c) Turbine wit...Figure 2.78 VOHC seal of acceptance.Figure 2.79 VOHC accepted products to decrease the accumulation of plaque an...Figure 2.80 Cotton applicator used to wipe the daily accumulation of plaque ...Figure 2.81 Cat Bites ® to help decrease the accumulation of plaque.Figure 2.82 Barbed broach used to remove the pulp from a fractured cat's can...Figure 2.83 K‐file removing clean dentinal shavings.Figure 2.84 Various‐sized paper points 30 mm lengths.Figure 2.85 Various‐sized gutta percha points.Figure 2.86 GuttaFlow.Figure 2.87 Endodontic locking pliers.Figure 2.88 Retrograde amalgam carrier used to deliver MTA or calcium hydrox...Figure 2.89 Glass ionomer.Figure 2.90 Bottle and “lollipop” self‐etch (one‐step) adhesive.Figure 2.91 (a) Capsules and syringe flowable composite. (b) Light‐cured hyb...Figure 2.92 Curing light.Figure 2.93 (a) CO₂ laser. (b) Diode laser, and (c) Therapy laser.Figure 2.94 (a) Protemp®. (b) Splint material used to stabilize a cat's symp...

      3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Patient anesthetized, temperature control assist, vital parameter...Figure 3.2 Patient preanesthetic evaluation.Figure 3.3 (a) An anesthesia checkoff list. (b) Soda lime replacement remind...Figure 3.4 Pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum secondary to en...Figure 3.5 (a) Hypothermia prevented by using a radiant heat blanket HotDog®...Figure 3.6 (a) Stationary multiparameter monitor.(b) Portable multiparam...Figure 3.7 (a–e) Capnogram illustrations.Figure 3.8 Radiant heat system – HotDog.Figure 3.9 In the circuit CO₂ monitor.Figure 3.10 Tail base pulse oximeter probe.Figure 3.11 (a–c) Infraorbital nerve block.Figure 3.12 Maxillary nerve block illustration.Figure 3.13 (a and b) Middle mental nerve block.Figure 3.14 (a) A median view of the point of entry of the inferior alveolar...Figure 3.15 Nerve block summary illustration.Figure 3.16 Fentanyl transdermal patch.

      4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 (a) Feline Grimace Scale parameters and point values. (b) Patient...Figure 4.2 (a) General physical examination while cat resides in bottom half...Figure 4.3 (a) Veterinarian and assistant evaluating a cat's mouth in the ex...Figure 4.4 (a) Findings of saliva stained muzzle and right forelimb secondar...Figure 4.5 (a) Left facial swelling secondary to osteomyelitis treated with ...Figure 4.6 Left‐sided decreased palpebral size secondary to caudal oral cavi...Figure 4.7 (a) sliding the lip caudally reveals supernumerary left mandibula...Figure 4.8 Normal position of the maxillary/mandibular incisors and canines....Figure 4.9 Marked mandibular distoclusion and asymmetry.Figure 4.10 (a) Dorsal tongue surface ulceration consistent with calicivirus...Figure 4.11 (a) Normal teeth and gingiva. (b) Tooth resorption, gingivitis a...Figure 4.12 (a) Catheter placed. (b) Ultrasonic dental scaling.Figure 4.13 Dental assistant obtaining full‐mouth intraoral radiographs.Figure 4.14 Visual tooth‐by‐tooth examination and probing.Figure 4.15 Dental assistant arranges radiographs for doctor to view while c...Figure 4.16 (a) Tooth resorption affecting the right maxillary canine root a...Figure 4.17 (a) Clinically evident tooth resorption of the left maxillary th...Figure 4.18 (a) Application of SANOS^®, a dental sealant. (b) Applicatio...Figure 4.19 Right maxillary canine root canal therapy.Figure 4.20 (a) Painful type 2 tooth resorption exposed to the oral cavity. ...Figure 4.21 (a) Right maxillary fourth premolar penetrating the gingiva bucc...Figure 4.22 (a) Marked malocclusion. (b) Malocclusion corrected by tooth mov...Figure 4.23 (a) Sutured surgical site. (b) Post‐extraction radiograph confir...Figure. 4.24 Patient in sternal recumbency in the recovery cage.Figure 4.25 Client report is prepared.Figures 4.26 (a) Review of case with client at release. (b) Demonstration ap...Figure 4.27 Oral assessment treatment and prevention visit workflow.Figure 4.28 (a) Feline deciduous tooth chart. (b) Radiograph findings.Figure 4.29 (a) Feline adult chart and (b) Radiograph findings.Figure 4.30 Completed feline dental chart (VIN).Figure 4.31 American Animal Hospital Association Feline dental charts.Figure 4.32 (a) Electronic feline deciduous tooth pathology chart. (b) Elect...Figure 4.33 (a) Electronic feline patient pathology dental chart. (b) Electr...Figure 4.34 (a) Two‐handed electronic charting (veterinarian only). (b) Four...Figure 4.35 Normal rostral occlusion,Figure 4.36 Marked mandibular mesioclusion in a “normal” Persian cat.Figure 4.37 Marked mandibular distoclusion – note the palatal penetration fr...Figure 4.38 Normal incisor, canine, premolar relationships.Figure 4.39 Tongue ulceration secondary to calici virus.Figure 4.40 Feline eosinophilic granuloma affecting the hard palate.

Figure 4.41 Ranula in a cat.Figure 4.42 Caudal stomatitis.Figure 4.43 (a) Clinically missing right mandibular third premolar (note too...Figure 4.44 Persistent left maxillary canine tooth, note the buccal swelling...Figure 4.45 (a) Supernumerary left maxillary second premolars. (b) Supernume...Figure 4.46 Williams probe – with markings at – 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 mm....Figure 4.47 (a) Right maxillary canine palatal defect. (b) Abnormal 3 mm pro...Figure 4.48 7mm palatal attachment loss.Figure 4.49 (a) Shepherd's hook explorer. (b) Orban explorer, and (c) ODU 11...Figure 4.50 (a) Suspected tooth resorption in a cat's left mandibular canine...Figure 4.51 (a) Gingival recession revealing the furcation of the right mand...Figure 4.52 bleeding on probing.Figure 4.53 Normal gingiva with no evidence of inflammation.Figure 4.54 (a) Marginal gingivitis on a cat's right maxillary fourth premol...Figures 4.55 (a–d) Examples of calculus indices (Table 4.6).Figure 4.56 Gingival enlargement around the right mandibular first molar.Figure 4.57 (a) Gingival recession of the left maxillary fourth premolar wit...Figure 4.58 Left maxillary canine complicated and right maxillary canine unc...Figure 4.59 Uncomplicated crown fractured left mandibular molar.Figure 4.60 (a) Acute complicated fractured left maxillary canine. (b) Chron...Figure 4.61 (a) Complicated crown root fracture of the left maxillary fourth...Figure 4.62 (a) Left maxillary canine crown wear due to malpositioned left m...Figure 4.63 Intrinsic staining.Figure 4.64 Intraoral radiograph of stage 2 tooth resorption affecting the l...Figure 4.65 (a) Stage 3 tooth resorption affecting a cat's left mandibular m...Figure 4.66 (a) Tooth resorption of a cat's right mandibular third premolar ...Figure 4.67 (a) Stage 4b tooth resorption of the right mandibular molar. (b)...Figure 4.68 (a) Cat's left mandibular canine with clinical tooth resorption ...

      5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 (a) Dental hard tissue superimposition in skull film resulting