local therapy with primary re‐excision or radiation therapy improves survival and local control after incomplete or close surgical excision of mast cell tumors in dogs. Vet Surg 43(2):182–189.
201 Ku, C.K., P.H. Kass, and M.M. Christopher. 2017. Cytologic‐histologic concordance in the diagnosis of neoplasia in canine and feline lymph nodes: A retrospective study of 367 cases. Vet Comp Oncol 15(4):1206–1217.
202 Kung, M.B.J., V.J. Poirier, M.M. Dennis, et al. 2016. Hypofractionated radiation therapy for the treatment of microscopic canine soft tissue sarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 14(4):e135–e145.
203 Kuntz, C.A., W.S. Dernell, B.E. Powers, et al. 1997. Prognostic factors for surgical treatment of soft‐tissue sarcomas in dogs: 75 cases (1986–1996). J Am Vet Med Assoc 211(9):1147–1151.
204 Kurupati, R.K., X. Zhou, Z. Xiang, et al. 2018. Safety and immunogenicity of a potential checkpoint blockade vaccine for canine melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 67(10):1533–1544.
205 Lachowicz, J.L., G.S. Post, and E. Brodsky. 2005. A phase I clinical trial evaluating imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) in tumor‐bearing cats. J Vet Intern Med 19(6):860–864.
206 LaDouceur, E.E.B., S.E. Stevens, J. Wood, et al. 2017. Immunoreactivity of canine liposarcoma to muscle and brown adipose antigens. Vet Pathol 54(6):885–891.
207 LaDue, T., G.S. Price, R. Dodge, et al. 1998. Radiation therapy for incompletely resected canine mast cell tumors. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39(1):57–62.
208 Lampreht, U., U. Kamensek, M. Stimac, et al. 2015. Gene electrotransfer of canine interleukin 12 into canine melanoma cell lines. J Membr Biol 248(5):909–917.
209 Tratar, U.L., S. Kos, U. Kamensek, et al. 2018. Antitumor effect of antibiotic resistance gene‐free plasmids encoding interleukin‐12 in canine melanoma model. Cancer Gene Ther 25(9–10):260–273.
210 Langenbach, A., P.M. McManus, M.J. Hendrick, et al. 2001. Sensitivity and specificity of methods of assessing the regional lymph nodes for evidence of metastasis in dogs and cats with solid tumors. J Am Vet Med Assoc 218(9):1424–1428.
211 Lapsley, J., G.M. Hayes, V. Janvier, et al. 2021. Influence of locoregional lymph node aspiration cytology vs sentinel lymph node mapping and biopsy on disease stage assignment in dogs with integumentary mast cell tumors. Vet Surg 50(1):133–141.
212 Laver, T., B.R. Feldhaeusser, C.S. Robat, et al. 2018. Post‐surgical outcome and prognostic factors in canine malignant melanomas of the haired skin: 87 cases (2003–2015). Can Vet J 59(9):981–987.
213 Lawrence, J., L. Forrest, W. Adams, et al. 2008. Four‐fraction radiation therapy for macroscopic soft tissue sarcomas in 16 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 44(3):100–108.
214 LeCouteur, R.A. 2001. Tumors of the nervous system. In Small Animal Clinical Oncology, pp. 381–455. S.J. Withrow and E.G. MacEwen, editors. Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
215 Lee, T.S., C.S. Murakami, and A.C. Suryadevara. 2011. Tissue conservation using circular defect with dog‐ear deformities excision technique. Laryngoscope 121(11):2299–2304.
216 Leiter, U. and C. Garbe. 2008. Epidemiology of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer – The role of sunlight. Adv Exp Med Biol 624:89–103.
217 Lenard, Z.M., S.F. Foster, A.J. Tebb, et al. 2007. Lymphangiosarcoma in two cats. J Feline Med Surg 9(2):161–167.
218 Lepri, E., G. Ricci, L. Leonardi, et al. 2003. Diagnostic and prognostic features of feline cutaneous mast cell tumors: A retrospective analysis of 40 cases. Vet Res Commun 27(Suppl 1):707–709.
219 Levy, M.S., A.S. Kapatkin, A.K. Patnaik, et al. 1997. Spinal tumors in 37 dogs: Clinical outcome and long‐term survival (1987–1994). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33(4):307–312.
220 Lidbetter, D.A., F.A. Williams Jr., D.J. Krahwinkel, et al. 2002. Radical lateral body‐wall resection for fibrosarcoma with reconstruction using polypropylene mesh and a caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern flap: A prospective clinical study of the technique and results in 6 cats. Vet Surg 31(1):57–64.
221 Liptak, J.M. 2007. Soft tissue sarcomas. In Withrow & MacEwen’s Small Animal Clinical Oncology, pp. 425–454. S.J. Withrow and E.G. MacEwen, editors. WB Saunders: St. Louis.
222 Liptak, J.M. and L.J. Forrest. 2013. Soft tissue sarcomas. In Withrow & McEwen’s Small Animal Clinical Oncology, 5th edition. S.J. Withrow, D.M. Vail and R.L. Page, editors. St. Louis: Elsevier.
223 Little, L.K. and M. Goldschmidt. 2007. Cytologic appearance of a keloidal fibrosarcoma in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 36(4):364–367.
224 Litster, A.L. and K.U. Sorenmo. 2006. Characterisation of the signalment, clinical and survival characteristics of 41 cats with mast cell neoplasia. J Feline Med Surg 8(3):177–183.
225 Liu, S.M. and I. Mikaelian. 2003. Cutaneous smooth muscle tumors in the dog and cat. Vet Pathol 40(6):685–692.
226 Liu, Q.Y., H.G. Li, J.Y. Chen, et al. 2008. Correlation of MRI features to histopathologic grade of soft tissue sarcoma. Ai Zheng 27(8):856–860.
227 London, C.A., P.B. Malpas, S.L. Wood‐Follis, et al. 2009. Multi‐center, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomized study of oral toceranib phosphate (SU11654), a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of dogs with recurrent (either local or distant) mast cell tumor following surgical excision. Clin Cancer Res 15(11):3856–3865.
228 Longo, M., S.C. Modina, A. Bellotti, et al. 2015. Advances in the anatomic study of the interscapular region of the cat. BMC Vet Res 11:249.
229 López‐Pousa, A., J. Martin Broto, J. Martinez Trufero, et al. 2016. SEOM clinical guideline of management of soft‐tissue sarcoma. Clin Transl Oncol 18(12):1213–1220.
230 Lowe, R., A. Gavazza, J.A. Impellizeri, et al. 2017. The treatment of canine mast cell tumours with electrochemotherapy with or without surgical excision. Vet Comp Oncol 15(3):775–784.
231 Luna, L.D., M.L. Higginbotham, C.J. Henry, et al. 2000. Feline nonocular melanoma: A retrospective study of 23 cases (1991–1999). J Feline Med Surg 2(4):173–181.
232 MacEwen, E.G., I.D. Kurzman, D.M. Vail, et al. 1999. Adjuvant therapy for melanoma in dogs: Results of randomized clinical trials using surgery, liposome‐encapsulated muramyl tripeptide, and granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor. Clin Cancer Res 5(12):4249–4258.
233 MacEwan, E.G., B.E. Powers, and D. Macy. 2001. Soft tissue sarcomas. In Small Animal Clinical Oncology, 3rd edition. S.J. Withrow, editor. Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
234 Maglennon, G.A., S. Murphy, V. Adams, et al. 2008. Association of Ki67 index with prognosis for intermediate‐grade canine cutaneous mast cell tumors. Vet Comp Oncol 6(4):268–274.
235 Majeski, S.A., M.A. Steffey, M. Fuller, et al. 2017. Indirect computed tomographic lymphography for iliosacral lymphatic mapping in a cohort of dogs with anal sac gland adenocarcinoma: Technique description. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 58(3):295–303.
236 Mandara, M.T., E. Fabriani, S. Pavone, et al. 2013. Feline cutaneous nerve sheath tumors: Histological features and immunohistochemical evaluations. Res Vet Sci 95(2):548–555.
237 Manfredi, S., A. Volta, M. Fabbi, et al. 2015. What is your diagnosis? Myxosarcoma in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 247(6):597–599.
238 Marcinowska, A., J. Warland, M. Brearley, et al. 2013. A novel approach to treatment of lymphangiosarcoma in a boxer dog. J Small Anim Pract 54(6):334–337.
239 Mayhew, P.D. and D.J. Brockman. 2002. Body cavity lipomas in six dogs. J Small Anim Pract 43(4):177–181.
240 Mayr, B., W. Swidersky, W. Schleger et al. 1990. Cytogenetic characterization of a canine haemangiopericytoma. Br Vet J 146(3):260–263.
241 Mazzei, M., F. Millanta, S. Citi, et al. 2002. Haemangiopericytoma: Histological spectrum, immunohistochemical characterization and prognosis. Vet Dermatol 13(1):15–21.
242 McAbee, K.P., L.L. Ludwig, P.J. Bergman, et al. 2005. Feline cutaneous hemangiosarcoma: A retrospective study of 18 cases (1998–2003).