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Smart Zero-energy Buildings and Communities for Smart Grids


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usage and occupancy. The impact of different occupancy patterns on the energy demand, the illuminance of the building, as well as the internal levels of temperature, relative humidity and CO2, are examined.

      In Chapter 5, the energy consumption and indoor environmental quality of one of the three buildings of the Design and Environment School (SDE3) of the National University of Singapore is evaluated and cross-correlated based on a different perspective. Prediction algorithms based on artificial neural network models are tested.

      In Chapter 6, objective and subjective evaluation of thermal comfort is analyzed in the context of a unique smart zero-energy industrial facility in Italy.

      In Chapter 7, the user engagement of residents in a smart zero-energy building in the same area of Italy is investigated in order to provide the framework for analyzing individual preferences, identifying consumption patterns and assessing the utilisability of information provided to users as well as how effective this is in supporting behavioral change.

      Chapter 8 deals with the integration of energy storage in smart communities and smart grids. The various energy storage technologies are presented including electrical, mechanical, chemical and thermal. Energy storage and optimization of its utilization in smart grids integrating renewable energy technologies is explored through state-of-the-art case studies.

      Finally, the conclusion outlines the main and overall conclusions and recommendations stemming from the findings of the presented research.

      Acknowledgments

      Nikos KAMPELIS

      November 2021

      List of Acronyms



AMI Advanced Metering Infrastructure
ANN Artificial Neural Network
AP Accredited Professional
ATES Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage
BAS Building Automation System
BCVTB Building Controls Virtual Test Bed
BEMS Building Energy Management System
BIM Building Information Modeling
biPV building-integrated PhotoVoltaics
BMS Building Management System
CAES Compressed Air Energy Storage
CDD Cooling Degree Days
Cogeneration of Heat and Power
COP Coefficient Of Performance
CPC Compound Parabolic Collector
CSP Curtailment Service Provider
Cv Coefficient of variance
DA Day-Ahead
DC Direct Current
DER Distributed Energy Resources
DG Diesel Generator
DHW Domestic Hot Water
DNI Direct Normal Irradiance
DR Demand Response
DSG Direct Steam Generation
DSM Demand Side Management
EED Energy Efficiency Directive
EER Energy Efficiency Ratio
EES Electrical Energy Storage
EMS Energy Management System
EPBD Energy Performance Buildings Directive
ES Energy Signature
European Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio
ETL Extract, Transform, Load
EV Electric Vehicles
FC Fuel Cell
FCU Fan Coil Units
FMU Functional Mock-up Units
G2V Grid-to-Vehicle
GA Genetic Algorithm
GSHP Ground Source Heat Pumps
HDD Heating Degree Days
HESS Hybrid Energy Storage Systems
HMI Human Machine Interface
HPS Hydro-Pumped Systems
HRU Heat Recovery Units
HTF Heat Transfer Fluid
HVAC Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning