demand for RF heating. Increasing the demand for pre-packaged food will result in the growth of RF heating technology. IR can be very useful for continuous baking, drying, and surface pasteurization. The utilization and application of IR in food industries are limited; equipment available for these techniques are not fully optimized and need more research and exploration. With the development of science and technology, the IR techniques might evolve and show their full potential. The ohmic heating has the promising way of providing food with produce high-grade value-added, safe, and better shelf-life products.
Ohmic heating can be efficiently utilized to heat high-acid food products, and for quick heating of liquid products. In future applications, ohmic heating technologies can be utilized in blanching, fermentation, evaporation, dehydration, and extraction. The considerable factors to note for future perspective in the future of ohmic heating are technologies are, considering different factors such as residence time, levels of loading, etc. Lack of temperature for locating a hot and cold spot and lack of models account for differences in electrical conductivity between solid and liquid phase, the response of two-phase with change in temperature [75].
1.5 Conclusion
Safety of food and maintaining its quality is the main concern in any heating process. Fulfilling consumer demand and needs is the main concern for any food processing industry. It has been found that ohmic heating is considered to be the most common and green process in food processing industries [50]. Infrared heating is still evolving and widely applied in drying especially low moisture food. Radiofrequency heating is less widespread as compared to other novel thermal heating technologies. Microwave heating is the most flexible and explored technology worldwide. It has a broad range of applications in hybrid systems. Microwave has great capabilities in sterilization and pasteurization. Novel thermal technologies have great potential and applications in producing safe and quality products with great efficiencies. A few drawbacks attached with these technologies are high investment cost and less control over all variables, which may delay its industrial implementation but its technical solutions are continuously evolving and are underway. Novel thermal technologies have many advantages over their drawbacks such as providing quality value-added products, energy-efficient, and environmentally sound, which proves it’s promising and novel as compared to conventional technologies.
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