5.5 Molecular structures of the sulfur‐containing AIE emitters S‐1...Figure 5.6 Molecular structures of the sulfur‐containing AIE emitters S‐7...Figure 5.7 Molecular structures of thioethers with AIE properties S‐17 Figure 5.8 Molecular structures of the sulfones with AIE properties S‐29...Figure 5.9 Molecular structures of the selenium‐containing emitters Se‐1...Figure 5.10 Molecular structures of the tellurium containing emitters Te‐1...Figure 5.11 Molecular structures of the tellurium containing emitters Te‐19...
6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 (a) Molecular structure of HPS. (b) Fluorescence microscope image...Figure 6.2 (a) Fluorescence spectral changes and (b) normalized spectra of H...Figure 6.3 Schematic representation of the molecular assembly process based ...Figure 6.4 (a) Molecular structure of CN‐MBE. (b) Fluorescence microscope im...Figure 6.5 (a) Change in fluorescence intensity (red circles) and relative a...Figure 6.6 Dependence of fluorescence excitation spectra of CN‐MBE monitored...Figure 6.7 (a) Fluorescence excitation spectra of CN‐MBE and (b) V w‐dependen...Figure 6.8 (a) Schematic representation of the exciton coupling in the molec...Figure 6.9 (a) Chemical structure of DBDCS. (b) Fluorescence change in a DBD...Figure 6.10 (a) Fluorescence spectral change in DBDCS neat film by the UV ir...Figure 6.11 IR spectra of a microcrystalline powder of DBDCS (orange line) a...Figure 6.12 Schematic representation of fluorescence changes in the DBDCS ne...
7 Chapter 7Scheme 7.1 Synthesis of TT derivatives by trimerization of 2‐X‐imidazoles.Scheme 7.2 Synthesis of TT by photochemical Schiemann reaction.Scheme 7.3 Synthesis of TT by thermolysis of copper(II) diimidazolate Cu(C3HFigure 7.1 Left: Crystal packing of TT exhibiting AB stacking arrangement wi...Figure 7.2 Top Left: Photoluminescence (black line, λ exc = 350 nm) and ...Scheme 7.4 Chemical structures of halogenated derivatives of TT and cocrysta...Figure 7.3 1Br in DCM (10−4 M): (a) Top: absorption (black line) and e...Figure 7.4 Views of the π–π stacking in 1Br, 2Br, and 3Br, Br atom...Figure 7.5 (a) Powders of 3Br at 298 K. Top: prompt emission (λ exc = 28...Figure 7.6 Partial views along b‐ (left) and c‐axis (center) of 1I crystal s...Figure 7.7 (a) Energy level diagrams showing transitions associated with flu...Figure 7.8 Left: Emission spectra of TT·DITFB at 298 K: Top: PL at λ...Scheme 7.5 Chemical structures of organic derivatives of TT. Figure 7.9 Left: 2Fpy in CH3CN (10−5 M) at 77 K: normalized emission (Figure 7.10 (a) Powders of TT‐Benzo at 77 K with UV irradiation on (le...Figure 7.11 Motives of chromophore's aggregation in TT (left); [Zn3(CH3COO)6 Figure 7.12 Normalized spectra of crystals of [Zn3(CH3COO)6(H2O)2](TT)2 at 2...
8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Schematic diagram of pyrrole substitution sites and reactions.Scheme 8.1 Synthetic routes of MPPs and PPPFigure 8.2 (a) Single‐crystal structures of MPPs. (b) Intermolecular distanc...Figure 8.3 Molecular structures of 1–3.Figure 8.4 (a) Molecular structures of 4 and functionality of the phenyl rin...Figure 8.5 Molecular structures of 19–55.Figure 8.6 Molecular structure of 56–60.Figure 8.7 Molecular structures of 61–65.Figure 8.8 (a) Molecular structures of 66–69. (b) Maximum fluorescent ...Figure 8.9 Molecular structure of 70–72.Figure 8.10 (a) Detection mechanism of 73 to CN–. (b) Fluorescence int...Figure 8.11 (a) Fluorescence images of 41 taken under a 365 nm UV lamp. (b) ...Figure 8.12 (a) Molecular structures of 78–83. (b) CD and UV–vis spect...Figure 8.13 (a) Structures of 84 derivatives. (b) Mesomorphic textures obser...Figure 8.14 Confocal laser scanning microscopy images of living (a–c) MCF‐7 ...Figure 8.15 Schematic diagram of the self‐assembly of polymeric micelles wit...
9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Various substituted AIEgens [4].Figure 9.2 General structure of TAPP.Figure 9.3 Accidental discovery of the multicomponent reaction leading to TA...Figure 9.4 The synthetic transformation of heterocycles (13, 14) into bis‐az...Figure 9.5 Fully conjugated nitrogen‐embedded buckybowl [29].Figure 9.6 The Hemetsberger approach toward 1,4 dihydropyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole...Figure 9.7 The synthesis of dipyrrolo[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrole (30) [31].Figure 9.8 Maillard reaction product [32–35].Figure 9.9 Two‐step synthesis of heterohexacene (34) [24].Figure 9.10 (a) Attempted multicomponent reaction leading to 2,5‐bis(hexaphe...Figure 9.11 Plausible mechanism for the synthesis of TAPPs [7].Figure 9.12 Substrate amines and aldehydes that do not produce TAPP derivati...Figure 9.13 Electrophilic aromatic substitutions of TAPP [7].Figure 9.14 Various π‐expanded aza analogues of TAPP [7].Figure 9.15 Results of the one‐pot silane Sonogashira coupling reaction to g...Figure 9.16 Synthesis of Z‐shaped dyes and π‐expanded indoloindoles [41...Figure 9.17 The historical routes, the Cadogan reaction, Ruggli's reaction, ...Figure 9.18 Synthesis of diindolo[2,3‐b:2′,3′‐f]pyrrolo [3,2‐b]pyrroles [31]...Figure 9.19 Fused phosphindol‐pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole (PhosPP) and bisphosphin...Figure 9.20 Synthesis of PhosPPs and BPhosPPs [66].Figure 9.21 Intramolecular oxidative aromatic coupling.Figure 9.22 General method for the synthesis of π‐expanded DHPP [9]. Su...Figure 9.23 The crucial condensation of 2‐aminophenyl‐substituted pyrrolopyr...Figure 9.24 General oxidative coupling reaction of TAPP [57], and the lists ...Figure 9.25 The weak emission in solution and an ∼100‐fold increase in the f...Figure 9.26 General method for the synthesis of π‐expanded compounds at...Figure 9.27 The synthesis and structures of the 13 aryl‐substituted pyrrolo[...Figure 9.28 UV/vis absorption spectra of derivatives 104 (green), 105 (red),...Figure 9.29 Chemical structure of pyrrolopyrrole derivatives [73, 74].Figure 9.30 Synthesis of polymers (115, 116, 120, 121). Reagents and conditi...Figure 9.31 Water‐soluble pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole dyes (122–124) and cel...Figure 9.32 The synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole‐dione (125) [79].Figure 9.33 Electrochemical preparation of isoDPP‐based polymers (129–131)...Figure 9.34 Synthesis and UV/vis absorption spectra of polymers P‐IsoDPP‐DTS...Figure 9.35 Optical properties of some selected π‐expanded analogues of...
10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Schematic representation of molecules exhibiting aggregation‐ind...Figure 10.2 Some known applications of organogels obtained from the cyanosti...Figure 10.3 Cyanostilbenes used for the formation of organogels. Structure o...Figure 10.4 Sensing mechanism of TFA with Py‐CN‐TFMBE. Gel and sol states of...Figure 10.5 Molecular structure of TBP and the associated piezochromic, vapo...Figure 10.6 Cyanostilbenes with fused aryl scaffolds used for the formation ...Figure 10.7 (a) Fabrication of CPL‐active nanotubes through encapsulation of...Figure 10.8 Cyanostilbene‐glutamate (CSG) donor, thioflavin T (ThT), and acr...Figure 10.9 Structures of CN‐TFMBE, SS‐TFMBE, TFM‐BTE, and photoswitching of...Figure 10.10 Schematic representation of thermal and photoresponsive behavio...Figure 10.11 Representation of H‐bonding between CN‐TFMBPPE and 3,5‐bistrifl...Figure 10.12 Molecular structures and trans–cis photoisomerization of PyG, B...Figure 10.13 (a) One‐ and two‐component organogels from pyridyl acrylonitril...Figure 10.14 Molecular structures of CN‐TFMBPPE‐silver complex (a) [63]; and...Figure 10.15 Molecular structures of SC and NSC and phase selective gelation...Figure 10.16 Molecular structures of the V‐shaped bis‐cyanostilbene derivati...Figure 10.17 Molecular structures of BCG, [86] C12PhBPCP, [30] PC2VA, PC3VA,...Figure 10.18 Structures of cyanostyrenes and chiral substrates used in enant...
11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Structures of α‐cyclodextrin, calixarene, cucurbit[n]uril, and p...Figure 11.2 Organic molecules used to construct pure organic fluorescent sup...Figure 11.3 (a) Schematic illustration of a dual‐responsive supramolecular n...Figure 11.4 (a) Schematic representation for the preparation of supramolecul...Figure 11.5 (A) (a) Illustration of emissive host–guest dynamic self‐assembl...Figure 11.6 (a) Schematic illustration of the construction of fluorescent su...Figure 11.7 (a) Schematic presentation of supramolecular polymerization