18Table 18.1 Checklist for fabrication of the oral appliance.Table 18.2 Proposed protocol for the interocclusal record (IR) for OA thera...Table 18.3 Suggested features of informed consent for OAT.
18 Chapter 19Table 19.1 Proposed follow‐up protocol for OAT.
19 Chapter 20Table 20.1 Myofascial pain referral in the head, face and neck.
20 Chapter 22Table 22.1 Success vs cure for MMA surgery [16].Table 22.2 Exclusion criteria from STAR trial.
21 Chapter 23Table 23.1 Levels of recommendation – patient care strategy.Table 23.2 Body mass index (BMI) parameters and examples of BMI based on we...Table 23.3 Common nasal sprays.Table 23.4 Cognitive behavioral therapy‐I (CBT‐I).
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Sleep EEG.Figure 2.2 Sleep architecture/histogram over the ages.Figure 2.3 Sleep over the decades.Figure 2.4 The brain. CC, corpus callosum; HT, hypothalamus; ON, optic nerve...Figure 2.5 Release of melatonin.
2 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Evolution of SRBD based on the acquisition of speech and the loss...Figure 3.2 Illustration of the three regions of the upper airway: N, nasopha...
3 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Risk factors associated with OSA and the consequences [15].Figure 5.2 Oxidative stress: pathway to cardiovascular disease and atheroscl...
4 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Adenoidal faces.Figure 8.2 Allergic shiners.Figure 8.3 Poor or inadequate lip seal.Figure 8.4 Small nares.Figure 8.5 Nasal crease.
5 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Comparison of signs and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea and ...
6 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Enlarged tongue covering the lower posterior teeth.
7 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Shim stock and use intra‐orally.Figure 13.2 Appearance of a mouth breathing habit.Figure 13.3 Mouth breathing habit with forced or strained lip seal.Figure 13.4 Mallampati scoring I–IV.Figure 13.5 Midline groove indicated by the red arrow.Figure 13.6 (a) Normal uvula, (b) swollen/enlarged uvula.Figure 13.7 Tonsils graded.Figure 13.8 Width of oropharynx (red arrow) and view of palpatopharyngeal ar...Figure 13.9 (a, b) Nasal anatomy.Figure 13.10 Nasal speculum.Figure 13.11 Nasal illumination.Figure 13.12 Cross section of the nasal airway (red arrow) and the nasophary...Figure 13.13 (a, b) The view into the nose. Speculum is positioned to open v...Figure 13.14 Method to perform the Cottle's Maneuver (Cottle Test).Figure 13.15 Red arrow points to partial alar rim collapse.Figure 13.16 Alar rim stabilization using a Q‐tip.Figure 13.17 Compression of the columella with nasal speculum.Figure 13.18 (a, b) Methods to test with repositioning.
8 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Panoramic radiograph.Figure 14.2 Panoramic radiograph showing carotid atheroma – indicated by the...Figure 14.3 Lateral cephalogram showing adenoid hypertrophy in the nasophary...Figure 14.4 Cephalometric tracing to assess hyoid position. As the angle fro...Figure 14.5 Cephalometric tracing to assess hyoid position. Views the hyoid ...Figure 14.6 Cephalometric tracing that assess hyoid (H) position relative to...Figure 14.7 Midsagittal‐cone beam CT image section showing cervical spine os...Figure 14.8 Coronal cone beam CT image section showing details of the nasal ...Figure 14.9 Midsagittal Cone beam CT image section with segmented pharyngeal...
9 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Placement of sensors for PSG.
10 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 HSAT in use.
11 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 The original Tongue Retaining Device (TRD).Figure 17.2 The NAPA oral appliance.Figure 17.3 The obstructed airway associated with OSA.Figure 17.4 The airway with the mandible repositioned and the airway is open...Figure 17.5 (a) The mask and OA assembly. (b) FCM in place for use.
12 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 (a) The George Gauge© for the IR. (b) Sizing of the mandibu...Figure 18.2 Red arrows indicate areas that may be adjusted to accommodate th...Figure 18.3 Note arrows pointing to embrasure areas needed to be trimmed on ...
13 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 Shim stock in use to evaluate the occlusion and tooth contact.
14 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 View of mouth taping (see Chapter 23).Figure 20.2 Pain referral is in red – X indicates trigger points. (a) Pain r...Figure 20.3 (a) Therapeutic bit rim. (b) Therapeutic bite rim in place.Figure 20.4 (a) Shimstock being held. (b) Shimstock in use.Figure 20.5 Position of the tongue for tongue up exercise.Figure 20.6 (a) Leaf gauge. (b) Use of the leaf gauge for bite correction.Figure 20.7 Bite change and use of daytime orthotic appliance. (a) Bite chan...Figure 20.8 Adjustment of the acrylic at the interproximal and occlusal (see...
15 Chapter 21Figure 21.1 PAP therapy in use (with permission ResMed).Figure 21.2 Sample of a typical PAP machine.Figure 21.3 A comparison of inhalation and exhalation between CPAP and BiPAP...Figure 21.4 The effectiveness of PAP in preventing collapse of the upper air...Figure 21.5 Three‐dimensional surface renderings of the upper airway in a no...Figure 21.6 (a) Axial magnetic resonance image of the retropalatal region in...Figure 21.7 (a, b) Nasal mask.Figure 21.8 (a, b) Nasal pillows.Figure 21.9 Full‐face mask.Figure 21.10 PAP device with built‐in heated humidification.Figure 21.11 Common areas where mask pressure may cause skin irritation. © R...Figure 21.12 (a) CPAP user with a standard bed pillow. (b) CPAP user with a ...
16 Chapter 22Figure 22.1 Three areas of the upper airway.Figure 22.2 Blocked airway.Figure 22.3 CT.Figure 22.4 (a) Endoscope. (b) Showing illumination.Figure 22.5 (a) Diagram of typical UPPP; (b) pre‐surgical view of soft palat...Figure 22.6 MMA.Figure 22.7 Image of HNS components.
17 Chapter 23Figure 23.1 Neilmed sinus rinse.Figure 23.2 Ponaris nasal emollient.
Guide
6 Preface
9 Appendix A Abbreviations in Sleep Medicine
10 Appendix B Glossary of Terms in Sleep Medicine
11 Appendix C Sample Patient Screening Questionnaires
12 Appendix D Sample Evaluation Format for SRBD and Airway Clinical Evaluation
13 Index