Cyber-physical Systems. Pedro H. J. Nardelli

9.1 Introduction 9.2 Data Networks and Wireless Communications 9.3 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning 9.4 Decentralized Computing and Distributed Ledger Technology 9.5 Future Technologies: A Look at the Unknown Future 9.6 Summary Exercises References 10 Applications 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Cyber‐Physical Industrial System 10.3 Cyber‐Physical Energy System 10.4 Other Examples 10.5 Summary Exercises References Note 11 Beyond Technology 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Governance Models 11.3 Social Implications of the Cyber Reality 11.4 The Cybersyn Project 11.5 Summary Exercises References 12 Closing Words 12.1 Strong Theory Leads to Informed Practices 12.2 Open Challenges in CPSs 12.3 CPSs and the Fourth Industrial Revolution 12.4 Building the Future Exercises

      9  Index

      10  End User License Agreement

      Guide

      1  Cover

      2  Table of Contents

      3  Title Page

      4  Copyright

      5  Preface

      6  Begin Reading

      7  Index

      8  End User License Agreement

      List of Illustrations

      1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Illustration of a CPS. Sensors measure physical processes, whose ...Figure 1.2 Operation of smart meters that react to hourly electricity price....

      2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Illustration of the Maxwell's demon thought experiment.Figure 2.2 Truth tables and logic gates of AND, OR and NOT operations.

      3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 (a) Dominoes set; (b) example of a game.Figure 3.2 Example of a frequency diagram related to the observations of the...Figure 3.3 Domino tile in horizontal position: one number at the left side, ...Figure 3.4 Example of a frequency diagram related to the observations of the...Figure 3.5 Example of a frequency diagram related to the attribute

with

...Figure 3.6 Example of a probability mass function diagram related to the ran...Figure 3.7 Poisson random variable considering two different client arrival ...Figure 3.8 Maxwell–Boltzmann probability density function of the random vari...Figure 3.9 Example of a random process. The number of persons in a queue, me...Figure 3.10 Markov chain representing a random variable

defined by the dif...

      4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Relation between entropy functions and mutual information for two...Figure 4.2 Tree representing yes‐or‐no questions to resolve the uncertainty ...Figure 4.3 Diagram of a general communication system by Shannon.Figure 4.4 Car in a highway and level of processes.

      5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Euler's approach to prove that the problem has no solution.Figure 5.2 Example of an undirected network with

nodes and

links.Figure 5.3 Example of different network topologies.Figure 5.4 Example of a WS network.Figure 5.5 Map of the Berlin S‐Train.Figure 5.6 Snapshot of the spatiotemporal propagation of flu using Nextstrai...Figure 5.7 World airline routes.

      6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Examples of centralized, decentralized, and distributed networks....Figure 6.2 Rectangle with a fixed perimeter of length

.Figure 6.3 Area of a rectangle considering a fixed perimeter of 20 m. The ma...Figure 6.4 Random access in wireless networks.Figure 6.5 Spatial throughput in wireless networks as a function of the prob...Figure 6.6 Game in the extensive form.Figure 6.7 Dove and hawk game in the extensive form.Figure 6.8 Example of the implementation of the alarm system using logic cir...

      7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Electric circuit with direct current: a constant voltage source

...Figure 7.2 Dissipated power measured in watts as a function of the constant ...Figure 7.3 Data layer with four cyber elements: