Complications 36 Pyothorax Etiology and Pathophysiology Presentation Emergency Stabilization Diagnostics Medical Management Surgical Treatment Postoperative Care Prognosis 37 Hemothorax Introduction [1, 2] Anatomy Etiology Diagnosis Therapy 38 Pneumothorax Etiology Pathophysiology Presentation Emergency Stabilization Diagnostics Medical Management Surgical Management Postoperative Care Prognosis 39 Lung Lobe Torsion Anatomy Etiology and Pathophysiology Presentation Emergency Stabilization Diagnostics Operative Technique Postoperative Care Postoperative Complications Comparative Medicine Video‐Assisted Thoracic Surgery 40 Surgical Approach to the Thoracic Cavity Introduction Lateral Thoracotomy Rib Pivot Thoracotomy Median Sternotomy Thoracoscopy/Video‐Assisted Thoracic Surgery Lung Lobectomy Techniques
19 Section IIIc: Respiratory System – Chest Wall Disease 41 Stabilization Techniques for Patients with Chest Wall Disease Introduction General Stabilization Approach Nonpenetrating Wounds Penetrating Wounds Conclusion 42 Pectus Excavatum Introduction Etiology Clinical Signs and Physical Examination Emergency Stabilization Diagnostics Severity of Deformity Treatment Options Anesthetic Considerations Perioperative and Postoperative Complications Postoperative Care Prognosis 43 Flail Chest Introduction Clinical Signs and Diagnosis Treatment
20 Section IV: Cardiovascular System 44 Pacemaker Therapy Introduction Indications for Pacemaker Therapy Patient Evaluation Transcutaneous Pacing Transvenous and Epicardial Pacemaker Components Pacing Basics Temporary Transvenous Pacemakers Permanent Transvenous Pacemakers Epicardial Pacemakers Programming Pacemaker Complications 45 Pericardial Effusion Introduction Anatomy