and blade tip rubbing.Figure B.7 Damaged jounal bearing.Figure B.8 Journal bearing damaged by wire-wooling issue.Figure B.9 Journal bearing, and journal damage caused by wire-wooling issue.Figure B.10 Cutaway of a rolling element bearing in a housing.Figure B.11 Mechanical seal components.Figure C.1 Plugged suction screen on compressor inlet piping.Figure C.2 Plugged flue nozzles from a gas turbine.Figure C.3 Impeller worn out due to erosion.Figure C.4 Expander wheel eroded due to liquids in the inlet gas.Figure C.5 Pipe clamp bolt fatigued due to high shaking forces.Figure C.6 Engine connecting rod bolt fatigued due to faulty bolt design.Figure C.7 Axial compressor blade fatigue due to blade flutter.Figure C.8 Alternate angle of failed blade.Figure C.9 A main bearing from reciprocating engine is beginning to fail after t...Figure C.10 Tapered land thrust bearing beginning to fail due to compressor surg...Figure C.11 Wire-wooling bearing failure due to high chrome shaft and oil contam...Figure C.12 Expander wheel on the right shows sign of rubbing due to excessive a...Figure C.13 Axial air compressor blade fatigues due to tip rubbing.
16 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Fractionator bottom pump.Figure 17.2 Pump X-section showing rub locations.Figure 17.3 Frequency analysis of bearing X-Y probes vibration before mechanical...Figure 17.4 Impeller wear ring clearances larges enough to prevent rubs during s...Figure 17.5 Casing stationary wear rings can rub on rotating impeller.Figure 17.6 A laser alignment tool was used to check the driver to driven machin...Figure 17.7 Warm-up piping modification to top entry line.Figure 17.8 Frequency analysis: of non-drive bearing using X-Y probes (Nov-14-20...
17 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 Water Injection Pump Drive Train: An electric motor (far left) drive...Figure 18.2 Pump internals.Figure 18.3 Close-up of pump wear rings.Figure 18.4 Wear ring geometry with tapered bore.
List of Tables
1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Economic consequence ratings of process losses related to machinery in...Table 1.2 Summary of potential failure consequences of interest.Table 1.3 Here is a risk matrix for a hypothetical process machine. In this tabl...Table 1.4 Risk matrix for machinery reliability assessment example.
2 Chapter 2Table 2.1 A hypothetical table of pump failures across a processing facility.Table 2.2 A forced ranking of pump failures in a hypothetical cat cracking unit.
3 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Example of stocking levels based on equipment reliability criteria.
4 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Percentage of finished products derived from a typical barrel of crude...Table 6.2 Typical physical properties of crude oil fractions. Notice that as the...Table 6.3 Boil points and densities of natural gas fractions.Table 6.4 Comparison of API and ANSI pump standards.Table 6.5 NPSH margin ratio guidelines (NPSHA/NPSHR).Table 6.6 Parallel pump operating arrangements and safeguards. Note: The preferr...Table 6.7 Example pump head calculation for a hypothetical Ns = 1000 impeller.Table 6.8 Comparison of expected centrifugal pump efficiency at various viscosit...Table 6.9 Recommended wear ring clearances.Table 6.10 The following table lists the pressure-temperature limits for various...Table 6.11 Temperature limits of common elastomers.
5 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Centrifugal pump MTBF statistics.Table 7.2 MTBF targets for mechanical seals in refinery services.Table 7.3 Roles and responsibilities matrix for bad actor team.Table 7.4 Likelihood project will be approved, based on the payback period.
6 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Expected lifetimes of process machines and components.Table 8.2 Mean t/ime between repairs (in yrs.) for various design configurations...
7 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Typical economic justification, 1500 HP turbine DGS installation.
8 Chapter 10Table 10.1a For couplings with short or no spacers.Table 10.1b For couplings with spacers.Table 10.2 Recommended wear ring clearances.Table 10.3 Coupling clearance fits for common NEMA-frame-size shafts [6].Table 10.4 Coupling interference fits for common NEMA-frame-size shafts [6].Table 10.5 Common assembly and installation problems and their associated vibrat...
9 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Life extension example.Table 13.2 Economic and environmental impact analysis associated with reduction ...Table 13.3 Investments to improve the reliability of plant assets focus on reduc...Table 13.4 Summary benefits analysis for a reliability-improvement initiative.Table 13.5 A summary of our cost-benefit analysis.
Guide
1 Cover
6 Preface
11 Index
Pages
1 vii
2 ii
3 iii
4 iv
5 v
6 xvii
7 xviii
8 xix
9 1
10 3
11 4
12 5
13