Joe Mayhew

Large Animal Neurology


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3.14 Thinning of ventral (yellow arrows) and dorsal (white arrow heads) myelographic contrast columns as shown here in two cases of EPM with swollen spinal cords at C6–7 can be mistaken for epidural compression and thus possible evidence for spinal cord compression and CVM.

Photo depicts a, B and C are transverse, dorsal, and median plane views, respectively, of CT myelogram centered on the C3-4 intervertebral site of a 16-month-old ataxic Thoroughbred colt with Type-I CVM.

      In making judgements from any test procedure such as cervical radiographs, it is axiomatic that, depending on cutoff criteria taken from reference values, there will be variable proportions of false‐positive and false‐negative diagnoses. As well as considering normal variance, test error, and clinician bias, any test is only a snapshot in time so that results may well have changed since the onset of the problem.

Photo depicts CT myelograms of an 18-month-old ataxic Thoroughbred horse that underwent ventral stabilization surgery at C6-7 for Type-II CVM.

Photo depicts brain 3T MR images of a horse with presumptive equine protozoal myeloencephalitis left curly bracket E P M right right square bracket.

      Infrared, electronic thermography is a completely noninvasive method of determining skin temperature.174,175 Thermography should be well suited for horses because of their short, even hair coat and because radiography of the thoracolumbar vertebral column, which is so useful in smaller patients, often contributes less to the neurologic workup of large patients.

      Superficial temperature primarily depends on cutaneous blood flow. Because many neurologic disorders can be associated with local alterations in blood flow, this diagnostic modality can help localize neuromuscular lesions.174–177 In this manner, exercise‐exacerbated