rel="nofollow" href="#ulink_a71ce3a2-8b9c-5e87-8ba2-d8b37354913a">Figure 2.21 The only important spinal limb reflexes to perform on any patien...Figure 2.22 In a case of limb ataxia and weakness and based on absolute, def...
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 In the appropriate clinical setting, red to brown discoloration t...Figure 3.2 Multiple tests were performed on this patient suspected of having...Figure 3.3 Atlantooccipital cerebrospinal fluid collection from the recumben...Figure 3.4 Lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid collection from the standing hors...Figure 3.5 Lumbosacral spinal fluid collection from the horse. Transverse di...Figure 3.6 Performing CSF collection from the atlantooccipital (AO) (A) and ...Figure 3.7 Collection of CSF from the atlanto‐occipital cistern in a standin...Figure 3.8 Ultrasound‐guided collection of CSF from between C1 and C2 in a s...Figure 3.9 Brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) recording is a minimal...Figure 3.10 Magnetic motor evoked potential (mMEP) recording can be undertak...Figure 3.11 Radiographic evidence of a chronic lesion in the area of the occ...Figure 3.12 Obtaining accurate measurements such as minimal sagittal diamete...Figure 3.13 Oblique lateral radiographs can assist in lateralizing alteratio...Figure 3.14 Thinning of ventral (yellow arrows) and dorsal (white arrow head...Figure 3.15 A, B & C are transverse, dorsal, and median plane views, res...Figure 3.16 CT myelograms of an 18‐month‐old ataxic Thoroughbred horse that ...Figure 3.17 Brain 3T MR images of a horse with presumptive equine protozoal ...
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 To remove the brain intact, a craniectomy can be performed as dep...Figure 4.2 With the vertebral column cut into cervical, cranial thoracic, an...Figure 4.3 Small volumes of necrosis of CNS tissue result in astrocytic scar...Figure 4.4 Suggested levels for taking routine brain sections for histopatho...Figure 4.5 The recommended planes of sections to be taken for histologic exa...Figure 4.6 Renaut bodies (arrows) may be described as often forgotten endone...Figure 4.7 In distinction from caudal herniation of cerebrum and cerebellum ...Figure 4.8 The most frequently seen type of herniation of brain tissues resu...Figure 4.9 Septic thromboemboli can lodge in any vessel in the CNS but will ...Figure 4.10 This is a caudal view of the occipital lobes and section through...Figure 4.11 Granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) is not common in ho...
5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 A newborn Thoroughbred foal that is not distracted by the presenc...Figure 5.2 A patient that is variably obtunded and spontaneously turns and w...Figure 5.3 Self‐inflicted lesions caused by biting are quite unusual and can...Figure 5.4 This milking Friesian cow likely was suffering from ketosis with ...Figure 5.5 Painful processes, perhaps especially abdominal pain, frequently ...Figure 5.6 The Thoroughbred racehorse shown here (A) is a tongue sucker and ...Figure 5.7 Horses diagnosed as headshakers usually have little else in the w...Figure 5.8 Radiographs of the atlantooccipital region of a horse demonstrati...
6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Most cases of seizures and epilepsy in large animals are acquired...
7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Familial narcolepsy with cataplexy as seen in these two ponies is...
8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 This neonatal Limousin cross calf suffering from bacterial mening...
9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Following head trauma, bilateral blindness with dilated and nonre...
10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Diagram of pupillary response to light‐on and to light‐off. Note...Figure 10.2 With this degree of bilateral pupillary dilation found in normal...Figure 10.3 Left Horner syndrome present in this horse (A) is evident as mod...Figure 10.4 In this case of acute, temporary, experimental Horner syndrome i...Figure 10.5 This horse is suffering from guttural pouch (GP) mycosis with ev...Figure 10.6 This horse was injected with local anesthetic solution in the ca...Figure 10.7 Loss of sympathetic control to the blood vessels and glands of t...Figure 10.8 This horse has left‐sided Horner syndrome (A). About 20 min foll...
11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Although rarely encountered alone in large animals, a fixed stra...Figure 11.2 True, fixed, ventromedial strabismus (esotropia) is seen here fr...Figure 11.3 Ventral eye deviation, as seen in this donkey’s left eye while t...Figure 11.4 Ventral and slight lateral deviation of one eyeball relative to ...Figure 11.5 The term dorsomedial (rotational) strabismus is used to describe...
12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 This horse suffered total left trigeminal nerve trauma